microbiome

Question 1

human body has about ___ trillion human cells and ___ trillion microbes

Answer 1

30 ; 39

Question 2

entire habitat, including the microorgs, their genomes, and the surrounding enviro conditions

Answer 2

microbiome

Question 3

microbiome ___ is associated with greater overall health and wellbeing

Answer 3

richness

Question 4

microbiome has biomass of ___

Answer 4

2kg

Question 5

nutrition roles of microbiota:

Answer 5

SCFAs, vit K, some B vitamins

Question 6

factors that influence microbiota?

Answer 6

diet, genes, antibiotics, geography, exposures (exercises, intro to solids, C section, formula fed)

Question 7

why better to have vaginal birth?

Answer 7

exposed to birth canal, swallows vag fluid, bacteria colonizes gut; in c-section, exposed to hospital enviro which is pathogenic and negative health effects

Question 8

swabbing baby with vag fluid if C section results In ___% colonization

Answer 8

60

Question 9

first __ years of life critical to the development of microbiome

Answer 9

3

Question 10

why microbiome in older adults appear pro-inflammatory state with increased potential for DNA damage and immune compromise?

Answer 10

when moved to LTC, diet less diverse so microbiome less varied; tend to be on more meds (ie. antibiotics), reduced stomach acid

Question 11

why do PPIs cause issues?

Answer 11

reduce acid in stomach–>pathogens that should have been killed are translocating

Question 12

why pets have positive effect?

Answer 12

more varied microbiota cuz share with pets

Question 13

pro inflammatory nutrients

Answer 13

omega 6s and saturated fat

Question 14

^ animal protein (esp red meat) means:

Answer 14

reduced SFCA

Question 15

examples of prebiotics

Answer 15

inulin, FOS, GOS

Question 16

target intake of resistant starch:

Answer 16

5g/meal (incorporate pulses)

Question 17

why supplement with prebiotics

Answer 17

promote growth of specific members of resident gut microbiota, stim CSFA production, reduce pH and help pathogen exclusion

Question 18

live micro-organisms that when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host

Answer 18

probiotics

Question 19

5 factors of classification of probiotics?

Answer 19

human origin, safe, survival, colonize, health benefit

Question 20

live active culture vs probiotic?

Answer 20

strain specificity, proven health benefit, regulate term, patented strains (live active culture less strict definition)

Question 21

products that contain both prebiotics and probiotics are called:

Answer 21

synbiotics

Question 22

important factors of probiotic supplements?

Answer 22

strain, dose, product

Question 23

probiotics are associated with reduction in ___

Answer 23

antibiotic associated diarrhea

Question 24

how to take probiotics to prevent AAD?

Answer 24

take within 48 hours of taking antibiotic, then space out within 2 hour intervals, continue until 2 weeks after discontinuing antibiotics

Question 25

probiotics administered in addition to ____ result in clear reductions in duration and severity of diarrhea in infants/children

Answer 25

rehydration therapy

Question 26

probiotics should not be used in these populations

Answer 26

central venous catheters, artificial heart valves, low WBC count, short bowel syndrome, HIV pt, transplant pt, autoimmune disorders, extremely low birth weight infants, milk allergy

Question 27

key messages to recommend to client to enhance gut microbiome?

Answer 27

varied diet lots of fruit and veg, include plant proteins, probiotics yogurt /fermented foods, probiotic supplements, exercise, reduce processed foods, fibre (resistance starch, prebiotic)

Question 28

gut brain connection influenced in part by the production of ___ in the gut

Answer 28

serotonin

Question 29

oils that are good for microbiome?

Answer 29

olive

Question 30

this condition they don’t produce mucus in GI (inflammatory response)

Answer 30

ulcerative colitis

Question 31

these foods aggravate colitis

Answer 31

milk fat and corn oil