Microbiome Flashcards
What are the function of microbial cells in our body ?
Make vitamins
Teach the immune system
Defend against pathogen
Produce molecules
Influence calories harvested
Help produce serotonin for optimal gift function
What are the characteristics of Clostridium difficile ?
Also called C.difficile
It results chronic painful diarrhea, and can be fatal. It is caused by antibiotic use.
It is cure by fecal transplant form a healthy person.
How does antibiotics cause an infection to C.difficile ?
Antibiotics kill all bacterias no matter good or bad. It affects the stability between bacteria of our microbiome thus an infection can occur.
Microbiome ?
All the gene found in one microbiota (microorganism that live in and on an organism). It could be considered an organ.
Holobionts ?
Host and microbes relying on each other and evolving together.
Development of microbiome ?
Until 3 years old we are very sensible to our microbe’s environment.
The breast milk act as a selective medium for non-pathogenic bacteria.
Microbiome are created by :
Birth, genetics, development changes, diet, personal hygiene, life event.
What are the change in the microbiome during adult life ?
Long term change : lifestyle change, chronic infection, antibiotics
Short term changes : acute infection, brief antimicrobial therapy.
What is the microbiome of the skin ?
Slightly acid pH and high concentration of NaCl.
Dry niche : highest level of diversity.
Moist : less diversity
Sebaceous : almost no diversity
What is the main microbe of the skin ?
Straphylococcus epidermis : key component of healthy skin because it modulate keratinocyte gene expression.
It secretes products of fermentation leading to mimicking infection and inflammation.
It inhibits the growth of would be pathogen through bacterial interference.
What is the microbiome of the respiratory tract ?
Upper tract : diverse microbes, some being pathogen
Lower tract : might receive microorganisms from the oropharynx but their stay is temporary otherwise sterile.
What is the microbiome of the GI tract ?
Mouth : colonised soon after birth
Stomach : low diversity due to low pH
Small intestine : gradually more microorganisms
Large intestine : most densely packed microbial écosystème on earth.
What are the function of the gut microbiome ?
Ferment food we cannot digest.
Synthetize micronutrients including vitamins
Metabolic dietary toxins and carcinogens
Ensure immune system maturation
Impact growth and différenciation of host cells
Regulate development of intestinal blood supply
Protect against enteric pathogens
Convert steroid to others compound
What is the microbiome of the genitourinary tract ?
Upper tract : usually sterile
In female the microbiome can change with the menstrual cycle.
