MICROBIOLOGY VIRUSES cumulative Flashcards
This is a (+) RNA bunyavirus w/ 3 helical segments
Hantavirus
What causes a rash from the forehead down? A rash from behind the ears and down?
Forehead down is german measles, behind the ears and down is measles
There are rapid tests for which 3 causes of pharyngitis?
Monospot, Rapid strep, and Rapid test for influenza virus
Aside from Hantavirus what other 2 pathogens are notable for being localized to desert southwest?
Plague and Coccidiodes
What is the etiology of the most common cause of pharyngitis?
Mostly from rhinovirus and that is from POST-NASAL DRIP from the rhinitis
This is a (+) RNA virus that is enveloped and replicates at 33 C
CORONAVIRUS –THE ENVELOPE
What is the mechanism of pathogenesis of a virus in which Hx of travel to Hong Kong or Toronto is significant?
This is SARS and the mechanism of pathogenesis is unknown
Adamantines are effective against which type of influenza?
Type A only
What are features of Rhinovirus and what family of viruses does it belong to?
It is a naked, + RNA virus that is icosahedral and replicates at 33 C, it is a picornavirus
What are the features of coronavirus?
It is an enveloped +RNA virus, that grows at 33 C
How is hantavirus transmitted?
By inhaling mouse droppings
This is a picornavirus, (+) RNA and icosahedral that CAN replicate at 37 C
Coxsackie A virus
What are 2 paramyxoviruses that affect the respiratory tract?
Mumps and Measles and both are RNA viruses
What are the features of influenza virus?
(-) RNA virus with segmented genome that is enveloped
Which strains of influenza cannot undergo antigenic shift? Why not?
Influenza B and C cannot do shift b/c they ONLY AFFECT HUMANS
Why are fomites more important for rhinovirus transmission than coronavirus?
Rhinovirus is a naked virus (+) RNA picornavirus
How do you differentiate adenovirus from influenza?
Adenovirus is a DNA virus and Influenza is a (-) RNA virus
What are the two picornaviruses that affect the respiratory tract? What is the major difference in terms of replication?
Rhinovirus and Coxsackie virus–both are (+) stranded RNA viruses but rhinovirus only grows at 33 C
It’s December, dude’s got a rhinitis and hacking cough, what receptor did the virus bind to?
Sialic acid, he’s got the flu and influenza binds to sialic acid
What are the features of SARS?
It is a (+) RNA coronavirus that is enveloped
Why do Amish kids get epiglottitis more so than most kids?
Because the most common cause of epiglottitis is H. influenza B which we vaccinate against, but Amish don?t get vaccines
If a military recruit were vaccinated against adenovirus but got acute respiratory syndrome anyway, which serotype did he/she get?
3, serotypes 4 + 7 are in the vaccine
Which time of year is best for influenza virus? For rhinovirus?
Influenza is fall to spring and rhinovirus is spring to fall.
If a strain of influenza can infect both ducks and humans what type is it?
Type A, can undergo antigenic shift
What are the features of Hantavirus?
It is an enveloped (+) RNA bunyavirus with 3 segments
What are the features of the virus that causes hand foot and mouth disease?
It is a (+) RNA picornavirus that is NAKED
What pathogen is acquired by inhaling mouse droppings, mouse urine?
Mouse droppings = hantavirus; mouse urine = Leptospira interoggans
What other two respiratory viruses belong to the family of viruses of the virus that can cause subacute sclerosing panencephalitis?
SSPE is caused by measles virus, a paramyxovirus and the other 2 are MUMPS and PARAINFLUENZA
A person with a steeple sign on CXR will have what clinical Sx?
SEAL BARK COUGH, parainfluenza laryngitis
What are the features of the virus that causes Koplick spots?
(-) RNA helical, enveloped paramyxovirus
What is the MOA of the DOC used to treat the #1 cause of bronchiolitis in children?
It is a guanosine analogue (RIBAVIRIN) and it is used to treat RSV
The inability of Influenza’s RNA polymerase to proofread is responsible for what kind of outbreaks?
Epidemics/endemics because this is genetic drifts–small changes in the H/N antigens
If a person has a seal bark cough, what anatomical location is infected? By what virus?
Larynx/trachea caused by parainfluenza virus, a paramyxovirus
What is the DOC for a child who has severe respiratory Sx and whose parents have a cold?
Ribavirin, this is classic for RSV
The respiratory virus that can cause orchitis has what features?
It is a (-) RNA enveloped paramyxovirus
Hx of travel to Saudi Arabia and now have pneumonia?
MERS– a special coronavirus
What are the features of the virus that causes pharyngoconjunctival fever?
It is a large naked DNA virus that is icosahedral; adenovirus
Which virus displays a tissue tropism for pulmonary endothelial cells?
Hantavirus
What are the features of adenovirus?
Large icosahedral, naked DNA virus
Which influenza drugs block the ability of the virus to enter cells? Which block it’s ability to exit?
Entrance = adamantanes block M protein; Exiting = neuraminidase inhibitors as N is used to cleave sialic acid on the way out
How does adenovirus get into cells?
Penton fibers
What is the major manifestation of Hantavirus?
A cardiopulmonary failure from massive pulmonary edema causing acute cor pulmonale
What are the features of Coxsackie A virus? What family?
It is a naked and icosahedral picornavirus
What are the general features of influenza virus?
It is a negative RNA SEGMENTED and enveloped virus
What are the features of mumps virus, what family?
(-) RNA enveloped paramyxovirus
Guillian Barre is a rare complication of what virus?
Influenza Virus (-) RNA enveloped, segmented virus
If, hypothetically, rhinovirus could grow at 37 C would it cause pneumonia, why or why not?
YES it could. Because its receptor is the I-CAM receptor which is also present in the lung.
Which strands of Coxsackie A cause hand foot and mouth (4)
5, 9, 10, and mainly 16
Which strands of Coxsackie A cause herpangina?
A2-A6
What are 4 respiratory viruses that can cause syncytia?
RSV and the paramyxoviridae: parainfluenza, mumps virus, and measles virus
It’s June, dude’s got rhinitis, what receptor did the virus bind to?
I-CAM 1, this is cold season and rhinovirus binds to this receptor
What kind of vaccine is the MMR?
Live attenuated
What are the features of measles virus?
(-) RNA helical, enveloped paramyxovirus
