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Microbiology > Microbiology Terminology > Flashcards

Microbiology Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

a localised accumulation of pus.

A

Abscess

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2
Q

a disease in which the symptoms appear rapidly but last only for a short time.

A

Acute disease:

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3
Q

an organism requiring oxygen for growth.

A

Aerobe:

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4
Q

the spread of pathogens farther than one meter of air from reservoir to susceptible host.

A

Airborne transmission:

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5
Q

an organism that does not require oxygen for growth (can use carbon dioxide)

A

Anaerobe:

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6
Q

an antimicrobial agent produced naturally by a bacterium or fungus

A

Antibiotic:

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7
Q

a chemical that destroys pathogens without damaging body tissues

A

Antimicrobial drug:

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8
Q

a chemical for the disinfection of the skin, mucous membranes or other living tissue

A

Antiseptic:

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9
Q

an animal structure characterized
by an exoskeleton and
jointed legs e.g. insects and ticks

A

Arthropods:

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10
Q

the absence of contamination by micro-organisms

A

Asepsis:

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11
Q

Asepsis:

A

the absence of contamination by micro-organisms

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12
Q

to change a micro-organism in order to make it harmless while it remains antigenic

A

Attenuate:

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13
Q

equipment for the sterilization by steam under pressure

A

Autoclave:

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14
Q

bacteria in blood

A

Bacteraemia:

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15
Q

capable of killing bacteria

A

Bactericidal:

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16
Q

antibiotic substances produced by the normal flora to suppress other bacteria

A

Bacteriocin:

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17
Q

capable of inhibiting bacterial growth

A

Bacteriostatic:

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18
Q

a group of micro-organisms in which cells stick together on a surface in some form of watery environment excreting a slimy, glue-like substance

A

Biofilm:

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19
Q

an individual who harbours a pathogen but shows no signs of the illness

A

Carrier:

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20
Q

an organism living in or on another organism, and deriving benefit, without harming or benefiting the host organism

A

Commensal:

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21
Q

a disease that can be spread from one host to another

A

Communicable disease:

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22
Q

a disease that is easily spread from one human to another

A

Contagious disease:

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23
Q

any substance that decreases the surface tension of water

A

Detergent:

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24
Q

an agent that destroys infection-producing organisms;

A

Disinfectant:

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25
Q

the process that reduces the number of micro-organisms to a level at which they are not harmful but at which spores are not usually destroyed.

A

Disinfection:

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26
Q

a disease that is constantly present in a certain population.

A

Endemic disease:

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27
Q

produced within the organism

A

Endogenous:

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28
Q

part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria that is released on the death of the bacterial cell

A

Endotoxin:

29
Q

a disease acquired by many people in a given area in a short time

A

Epidemic:

30
Q

the science of dealing with and when and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted

A

Epidemiology:

31
Q

of external origin (produced from outside the organism)

A

Exogenous:

32
Q

a protein toxin released from living, mostly gram-positive bacterial cells (actively secreted into the environment)

A

Exotoxin:

33
Q

Flora:

A

normal micro-organisms in or on another organism (see commensal)

34
Q

normal micro-organisms in or on another organism (see commensal)

A

Flora:

35
Q

inanimate (non-living) objects or materials on which disease-producing agents may be carried

A

Fomites:

36
Q

disinfection by exposure to the fumes of a vaporized disinfection agent

A

Fumigation:

37
Q

the total genetic material of an organism

A

Genome:

38
Q

A category used in classification of organisms. In micro-organism, it is depicted as the first part of its name. (Capitalized)

A

Genus:

39
Q

a substance that causes red blood cells to agglutinate (clump together)

A

Hemagglutinin:

40
Q

Infection:

A

when pathogenic microbes invade the body through a break in the skin or mucous membrane or through the body’s natural openings, multiply in tissues and cause an inflammatory response

41
Q

the time interval between the actual infection and the first sign or symptom of the disease

A

Incubation:

42
Q

the presence of animal parasites such as lice, ticks, and worms

A

Infestation:

43
Q

chemical compounds that kill insects and pests

A

Insecticide:

44
Q

the outward appearance of the cell such as size, shape and arrangement/structure

A

Morphology:

45
Q

an infection that develops during the course of a hospital stay and was not present at the time the patient was admitted

A

Nosocomial infection:

46
Q

a disease that must be reported to the Department of Health

A

Notifiable disease:

47
Q

an epidemic that occurs worldwide

A

Pandemic:

48
Q

any animal or vegetable organism living on or in another organism from which it gets nourishment

A

Parasite:

49
Q

a disease-causing micro-organism

A

Pathogen:

50
Q

the ability of the pathogen to cause disease

A

Pathogenicity:

51
Q

the manner in which micro-organisms gain entry to the body

A

Portal of entry:

52
Q

the route by which a pathogen leaves the body

A

Portal of exit:

53
Q

the period of isolation of an infectious or suspected infectious disease to prevent the spread of the disease

A

Quarantine:

54
Q

the natural ability of the body to withstand any toxins or disease

A

Resistance:

55
Q

the presence of unwanted bacteria

A

Sepsis:

56
Q

a condition characterized by multiplication of bacteria in the body

A

Septicaemia:

57
Q

changes due to a disease that can be observed and measured

A

Signs:

58
Q

any tissue or body fluid that can be subjected to microbiological investigation with the aim of identifying the infecting pathogen and predicting response to therapy

A

Specimen:

59
Q

free from micro-organisms

A

Sterile:

60
Q

the process of completely destroying or removing all micro-organisms including bacterial spores

A

Sterilisation:

61
Q

a change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of a disease

A

Symptoms

62
Q

a specific group of signs or symptoms accompanying a particular disease

A

Syndrome:

63
Q

a poisonous substance produced by a micro-organism

A

Toxin:

64
Q

a substance derived from toxins released by bacteria- contains an inactivated toxin

A

Toxoid:

65
Q

an arthropod that carries disease-causing organisms from one host to another e.g. mosquitoes that carry malaria

A

Vector:

66
Q

the presence of viruses in the blood

A

Viraemia:

67
Q

the strength or power micro-organisms to harm the host

A

Virulence:

68
Q

a disease in animals that is transmitted to humans

A

Zoonosis:

Microbiology (8 decks)

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