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Microbiology LAB final > Microbiology lab > Flashcards

Microbiology lab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

distinguishes among morphologically and biochemically related organisms; appearance may change

A

Differential

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2
Q

inhibits one type of bacteria from growing while allowing growth of another

A

Selective media

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3
Q

gram + grows well on this agar; just selective

A

PEA

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4
Q

selective and differential; selective for halophiles; contains a sugar alcohol (mannitol); has pH indicator ____ ___

A

mannitol, phenol red

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5
Q

bacteria that can ferment mannitol into acids will appear (amino acid fermenters on this plate will become fuchsia)

A

Yellow

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6
Q

the salt concentration of mannitol inhibits most bacteria except _____

A

staphylococci

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7
Q

macconkey agar contains ___ ____ which inhibits cell redox of ____ ___ bacteria

A

crystal violet, gram +

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8
Q

macconkey has bile salts and ph indicator ___ ___, and favors _____ ferementers

A

neutral red, lactose

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9
Q

the bile salts of the media will precipitate out and the neutral red will be absorbed into colony of lactose fermenters; growth can occur for non lactose gram - bacteria it just appears

A

tan

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10
Q

____ partially inhibits growth of gram + bacteria; gram - is more abundant (lactose fermenters)

A

EMB

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11
Q

E. coli makes a lot of lactic acid, the dyes from EMB will attach to colonies and create what color colonies

A

iridescent green

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12
Q

non lactose fermenters in emb are ____ and slight lactose fermenters will be ____

A

colorless; pink

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13
Q

sheeps blood is in ___ __

A

blood agar

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14
Q

_____ grows well on blood agar

A

streptococcus

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15
Q

strep make enzyme called hemolosin which ____ red blood cells

A

lysis

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16
Q

growth but no lysis in media

A

gamma

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17
Q

incomplete lysis, results in greenish halo

A

alpha

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18
Q

complete lysis, media color is depleted (All red blood cells are cleared away)

A

beta

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19
Q

oxygen labile are ____ in presence of oxygen (strep.)

A

inhibited

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20
Q

YPD is a ____ media

A

yeast

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21
Q

macconkey and EMB mostly show growth of ____

A

enterics

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22
Q

corynebacterium is bacteria that causes the disease

A

diptheria

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23
Q

s. mutans is gram _, _____; makes an enzyme that is called

A

+, cocci; dextransucrase

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24
Q

dextransucrose can polymerize _____ into a large polymer ____

A

sucrose; dextran

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25
Q

L. bacillus acidophilus is gram ___, ____; produces lactic acid (at low pH causes by this denatl decay)

A

+, rod

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26
Q

1-6 linkage of glucose (dextran) is water ____

A

insoluble

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27
Q

sucrose can be taken and made into ___ and ___

A

glucose and fructose

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28
Q

lactobacilli works on ___ to make lactic acid ; but glucosyl transferase works on ___ to make dextran

A

fructose; glucose

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29
Q

the snydar agar tests for _____ (turns yellow in presence of acid)

A

lactobacilli

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30
Q

mitis salivarius looks for ___ bacteria in mouth

A

strep

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31
Q

the sucrose is 50x times higher than glucose on ____ plate

A

MSA

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32
Q

sucrose and glucose metabolizers like strep mutans grow very well on ___

A

MSA

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33
Q

serratia marcescens: gram + or -; morphology? (BSL-2)

A

gram -; rod

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34
Q

escherichia coli: gram + or -; morphology? (BSL-1)

A

gram -; rod

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35
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa makes extracellular ____ pigment

A

green

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36
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa: gram + or -; morphology? (BSL-2)

A

gram - ; rod

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37
Q

staphylococcus aureus: gram + or -; morphology? (BSL-2)

A

gram + ; coccus

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38
Q

bacillus cereus: gram + or -; morphology? (BSL-1)

A

gram + ; rod

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39
Q

basic stains like methylene blue, carbol fuschin and crystal violet bind to ____ charged cell walls

A

negatively

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40
Q

a differential stain that differentiates between two main classes of bacteria based off the composition of their cell walls

A

gram stain

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41
Q

gram stain turns gram - what color

A

pink

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42
Q

bacillus subtilis: gram + or -; morphology?

A

gram + rod

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43
Q

staph aureus : gram + or -; morphology? (BSL-1)

A

gram + cocci (common component of healthy skin microbiome)

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44
Q

mycobacterium is a genus which contains diseases like

A

TB, leprosy

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45
Q

mycobacterium are identified using what stain

A

acid fast carbol fuchsin

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46
Q

____ ___ is soluble in mycobacterial cell wall with detergent and heat

A

carbol fuchsin

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47
Q

acid fast bacilli hold onto what stain

A

carbol fuschin

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48
Q

for acid fast staining what is the counter stain after decolorization with acid alcohol

A

methylene blue

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49
Q

what primary stain is used in spore staining (spores will hold onto this)

A

malachite green

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50
Q

what is the counter stain for spore staining

A

safranin

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51
Q

what bacteria species commonly has spores

A

clostridium

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52
Q

what is the primary stain in capsule staining

A

crystal violet

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53
Q

what do you wash crystal violet with in capsule stain

A

20% copper sulfate

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54
Q

what stain contains a basic (+) chromagen stains cell components

A

simple stains

55
Q

negative stain uses

A

nigrosin

56
Q

what stain uses an acidic (-) chromagen; no heat fixation and stains background

A

negative

57
Q

staph epidermis: gram + or -; morphology?

A

gram + cocci

58
Q

enterobacter aerogenes: gram + or -; morphology? hemolysis level

A

gram - ; rod; gamma

59
Q

eterococcus faecalis: gram + or -; morphology? hemolysis level

A

gram -; cocci; beta

60
Q

salmonella typhi: gram + or -; morphology? (BSL-1)

A

gram -; rod

61
Q

a. faecalis: gram + or -; morphology? hemolysis level

A

gram - ; rod ; alpha

62
Q

steps to capsule staining

A

heat fix, CV, copper sulfate

63
Q

steps to endospore staining

A

heat fix, malachite green, heat, safranin

64
Q

what cell wall makes crystal violet stay attached

A

peptidoglycan

65
Q

what is the name of the dormant state bacteria enters under stress

A

endospore

66
Q

thick and waxy cell wall, makes staining hard

A

mycolic acid

67
Q

which compound inhibits gram +

A

CV

68
Q

halophillic fermenter grows with yellow halo on mannitol

A

staph. aureus

69
Q

how do you tell the differece between staph epi and staph aureus

A

put them on mannitol; staph aureus is a mannitol fermenter, epi is not

70
Q

this enzyme creates dextran leading to dental carries

A

glycosyl transferase (dextran sucrase)

71
Q

bacteria needs what enzyme to break down gelatin

A

gelatinase

72
Q

serratia produces ____ pigment @ what temp.

A

red; at room temp.

73
Q

what is the red pigment serratia produces called

A

prodigiosin

74
Q

what is the pigment that makes psuedomonas aeruginosa blue

A

Pyocyanin

75
Q

cultures are stores at ___; why?

A

37°C, to allow for growth

76
Q

stocks are kept at ___; why?

A

4°C , to stop further growth after initial growth

77
Q

SAB and YPD are used for

A

yeast

78
Q

what is the meningitis vaccine

A

menactra

79
Q

what is the pH indicator in snydar agar

A

bromocresol green

80
Q

the MSA plate is enriched by __ ___ and also has ___ ___ in it (used for strep)

A

crystal violet; trypan blue

81
Q

what was used for HOMD project ___ rna

A

16s

82
Q

EMB agar is used to differentiate between what enteric organisms

A

e coli and e aerogenes

83
Q

this soil organism is gram negative and grows red colonies at room temp

A

S. Marcescens

84
Q

blood agar is an example of which types of media

A

enriched and differential

85
Q

what agar looks primarily for corynebacteria diptheriae

A

meuller-hinton tellurite

86
Q

what agar looks for neisseria meningitis

A

chocolate agar

87
Q

in the oxidase test for neisseria ____ __ oxidizes O2 to H2O

A

cytochrome C

88
Q

NNDP + 02 —–> _____ + H20

A

indophenol blue

89
Q

_____ is a gram + cocci which excretes an enzyme called dextransucrase

A

Strep. mutans

90
Q

in aerobic resspiration ___ is the final electron receptor

A

oxygen

91
Q

obligate aerobes are SOD and catalase

A

positive

92
Q

obligate anaerobes are SOD and catalase

A

negative

93
Q

facultative anaerobes like E. coli are SOD and catalase

A

positive

94
Q

___ __ is used for catalase test of MSA plates which in the presense of catalase creates

A

hydrogen peroxide ;o2 gas

95
Q

staph and micrococcus are catalase __

A

+

96
Q

strep and enterococcus are catalase __

A

-

97
Q

SOD and catalase are crucial for life in the presence of ___

A

o2

98
Q

what enzyme is on the starch plate?

A

amylase

99
Q

what bond is broken on starch plate and what products are produced?

A

glycosidic bond
glucose

100
Q

what enzyme is on tributyrin agar?

A

lipase

101
Q

what bonds were broken on tributyrin and what products are produced?

A

ester bonds
fatty acids/triglycerides

102
Q

what enzyme is on the casein agar?

A

protease

103
Q

what is the enzymatic reaction for casein and what products are produced?

A

peptide bonds
amino acids

104
Q

what enzyme is on the gelatin agar?

A

gelatinase

105
Q

what bonds are broken and what products are produced?

A

peptide bonds
amino acids

106
Q

what enzyme is on the DNA agar?

A

DNAse

107
Q

what bonds are broken and what products are produced on dna agar

A

phosphodiester
nucleic acids

108
Q

what enzyme is on the indole agar

A

tryptophanase

109
Q

what bonds are broken and what products are produced on indole agar

A

tryptophan
indole pyruvate + ammonia

110
Q

what enzyme is on the simmons citrate agar

A

citrate permease

111
Q

what bonds are broken and what products are produced on simmons citrate

A

citrate permeate
sodium carbonate

112
Q

what enzyme is used in the SIM agar?

A

cysteine desulfurase

113
Q

what bonds are broken and what products are produced

A

removal of sulfate
H2S

114
Q

what enzyme is used in the SIM agar

A

thiosulfate reductase

115
Q

what bonds are broken and products are produced

A

removal of sulfate
H2S

116
Q

what enzyme is used in urea broth

A

urease

117
Q

what bonds are broken and products are produced in urea

A

breaks down urea
CO2, ammonia, water

118
Q

what enzyme is used in catalase test

A

catalase

119
Q

what does catalase break down and produce

A

H2O2
creates O2 gas

120
Q

what enzyme is produced from oxidase test

A

cytochrome C oxidase

121
Q

what enzyme is produced on decarboxylation

A

lysine decarboxylase

122
Q

what does decarboxylation use and produce

A

glucose
cadaverine + CO2

123
Q

what enzyme is produced from phenylalanine

A

phenylalanine deaminase

124
Q

what does phenylalanine break down and what does it produce

A

phenylalanine
phenol pyruvic acid & ammonia

125
Q

what enzyme is on ONPG

A

beta-galactosidase

126
Q

what is broken down on ONPG and produced

A

beta-galactosidase
O nitrophenol (yellow)

127
Q

prevents transpeptidation of the N-acetylmuramic acids, producing a weakened peptidoglycan structure

A

penicillin

128
Q

has an affinity for bacterial ribosomes, causing misreading of codons on mRNA, thereby interfering with protein synthesis

A

streptomyocin

129
Q

has an affinity for bacterial ribosomes, preventing peptide bond formation between amino acids during protein synthesis

A

chloramphenicol

130
Q

have an affinity for bacterial ribosomes; prevent hydrogen bonding between the anticodon on the tRNA–amino acid complex and the codon on the mRNA during protein synthesis

A

tetracyclines

131
Q

inhibits cell-wall synthesis

A

bacitracin

132
Q

destruction of cell membrane - destabilizes LPS lipopolysaccharide, increasing membrane permeability

A

polymyxin

133
Q

inhibits RNA synthesis - Bacterial RNA polymerase

A

Rifampin

134
Q

inhibits DNA synthesis - topoisomerase inhibitor

A

quinolone

Microbiology LAB final (3 decks)

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