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Microbiology LAB final > lab exam 2 > Flashcards

lab exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

this media looks to see if cells secrete amylase to create glucose from starch

A

starch hydrolysis plate

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2
Q

flooding the starch plate with iodine & seeing a clearing on the media means the organism utilizes

A

starch

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3
Q

glycosidic bond has to be broken to turn starch into

A

glucose

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4
Q

tributyrin agar tests bacteria that can break down

A

fats

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5
Q

an organism that can do lipid hydrolysis will break down _____ into fatty acids

A

triglycerides

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6
Q

the break down of triglyceride is done by breaking an ______ bond

A

ester

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7
Q

positive tributyrin test is a _____ around growth

A

clearing

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8
Q

casein test looks to see if bacteria can break down peptides into ___ ___ by secreting _____

A

amino acids; protease

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9
Q

break down casein requires breaking _____ bond

A

peptide

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10
Q

gelatin hydrolysis also looks for organisms that can break a ____ bond

A

peptide

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11
Q

cells that secrete ______ will break down gelatin into amino acids

A

gelatinase

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12
Q

positive result for gelatinase is when media does not _____

A

solidify

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13
Q

DNAse agar contains _____ as an indicator

A

methyl green

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14
Q

DNAse cleaves ____ bond

A

phosphodiester

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15
Q

biooxidations in which molecular oxygen can serve as final electron acceptor

A

aerobic cell respiration

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16
Q

biooxidations in which inorganic ions can serve as a final electron acceptor

A

anaerobic cell respiration

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17
Q

phenol red is _____ when acidic

A

yellow

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18
Q

phenol red is ____ when alkaline

A

fuschia

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19
Q

a biooxidative process not requiring oxygen in which organic substrate serves as final elector receptor

A

fermentation

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20
Q

the durham tube looks to see what bacteria can make ____ products

A

acidic

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21
Q

dextrose is ____

A

glucose

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22
Q

E. coli should be ____ for fermentation of glucose and lactose

A

positive

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23
Q

pseudomonas should be _____ for fermentation of glucose and lactose

A

negative

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24
Q

CO2 can be captured in durham tube which is production of ____ ____ accompanied by gas

A

organic acids

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25
Q

yellow color in Durham tube is ____ for production of acetic acids

A

positive

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26
Q

IMViC is used to distinguish ____

A

enterics

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27
Q

what is used to see if tryptophan can be degraded into indole?

A

sulfide indole motility (SIM) agar

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28
Q

listeria is a disease caused by _____ _____ that is commonly talked about in food safety (dangerous to pregnant women)

A

listeria monocytogenes

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29
Q

gram -, nonspore forming, rod-shaped “enteric” bacteria (gut microbiome)

A

bacteriodetes

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30
Q

gram + rods or cocci; includes bacillus, clostridium, staph and lactobacillus (gut microbiome)

A

firmicutes

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31
Q

more bacteriodetes in comparison to fermicutes can lead to

A

obesity

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32
Q

more fermicutes in comparison to bacteriodetes can lead to

A

IBD

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33
Q

kefir is plated on an _____ agar which is selective for what (partially selective; low pH for lactobacilli. (5.5))

A

LBS, lactobacilli

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34
Q

glucose is a major sugar and _____ source

A

carbon

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35
Q

on LBS agar, lactobacilli appear as medium sized to large _____ _____

A

white colonies

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36
Q

kefir dilution plates are kept at

A

37C

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37
Q

kefir says their probiotics have _____

A

41.6 x 10^6 CFU/mL

38
Q

urease is helpful in the identification of _____ _____

A

proteus vulgaris (will turn pink)

39
Q

_____ converts urea into ammonia

A

urease

40
Q

urea broth contains urea and pH indicator ____ ____

A

phenol red

41
Q

a positive test for urease in a bacteria will be a deep pink color in an _____ environment

A

alkaline

42
Q

staph and micrococcus are catalase _____

A

+

43
Q

strep and enterococcus are catalase ____

A

-

44
Q

_______ differentiate mostly among Enterobacteriaceae

A

decarboxylation

45
Q

decarboxylation is characterized by remove of _____ under aerobic conditions

A

carboxyl

46
Q

what reaction yields amine (cadaverine) and CO2 products

A

decarboxylation

47
Q

_____ _____ _____ has glucose supplemented with - lysine; a layer of glycerol is added as well, why?

A

moellers decarboxylase broth; to exclude oxygen (anaerobic)

48
Q

the decarboxylase test indicator is ____ ____ ____

A

brom cresol purple

49
Q

brom cresol purple is _____ at neutral and _____ but when acid (<5.2)

A

purple; yellow

50
Q

decarboxylases are inducible enzymes, which means what?

A

the microbe must first use the glucose to cause the pH to become acidic

51
Q

decarboxylase + test will change from what color to what color

A

purple to yellow (incubated at 37C for 24 hours)

52
Q

once the decarboxylase medium has been acidified and glucose has been used up what is induced (an additional 24 hours is required to allow microbe to use this)

A

lysine

53
Q

for the decarboxylase test after 48 hours a color change from ____ to _____ indicates a positive test for lysine decarboxylase

A

purple to yellow

54
Q

phenylalanine slant phenylalanine is deaminated to ____ ____ and ammonia

A

keto acid

55
Q

ferric chloride (FeCl3) is a chelating agent used to detect phenylpyruvic acid (keto acid) which turns what color

A

green

56
Q

beta galactosidase (ONPG) in bacteria normally converts ______ to galactose and alpha nitrophenol

A

lactose

57
Q

beta - galactosidase is an inducible enzyme apart of the ____ ____ encoded by lacz gene

A

lac operon

58
Q

alpha-nitrophenol turns ____

A

yellow

59
Q

the SIM medium will be tested using kovacs reagent (24 hours after incubation), a positive result is what color

A

red layer at the top

60
Q

a positive result for SIM indicates the presence of what

A

tryptophanase and subsequently production of indole

61
Q

within the MRVP broth a methyl red test will show a positive result which is

A

red color after addition of methyl red (production of organic acids)

62
Q

a positive VP test is development of ____ color after the addition of barritts A & B reagents

A

red-brown color (production of neutral non-acidic products)

63
Q

the methyl red test looks to see if microbe can ferment _____ with the production of high concentration of acid end products

A

glucose

64
Q

the VP test looks to see if microbe can ferment ____ with the production of neutral end products such as

A

glucose; acetoin and 2,3-butanediol

65
Q

barritt’s solution is made up of

A

alpha-naphthol & KOH

66
Q

(simmons citrate agar) the citrate media contains ____ ____ as the sole carbon source

A

sodium citrate

67
Q

(simmons citrate agar) the citrate media uses ____ ____ as the sole nitrogen source

A

ammonium salts

68
Q

simmons citrate the positive result bacteria metabolize _____ back to pyruvate for ATP production

A

citrate

69
Q

the products of simmons citrate are

A

CO2 and sodium carbonate

70
Q

the indicator in citrate agar is ___ ____

A

bromthymol blue (from green to blue at alkaline pH)

71
Q

enzymes brings citrate into the cell

A

citrate permease

72
Q

what enzyme breaks down lysine into CO2 and cada something

A

lysinase

73
Q

what enzyme breaks down H2O2

A

catalase

74
Q

which media tests for anerobic capabilities

A

thioglycolate

75
Q

substrate needed for lipase to act on media

A

tributryn

76
Q

what is the fat source in LBS agar

A

polysorbate 80

77
Q

3 carbon sources for fermentation broth

A

lactose, glucose and sucrose

78
Q

organisms that only grow above 70C

A

extreme (obligate) thermophile

79
Q

an organism that can live in arctic ice

A

psychrophile (-10 to 25)

80
Q

will grow at 37C, with optimum of 45C to 60C

A

facultative thermophiles

81
Q

bacteria that can survive at stomach pH of two

A

E. coli, Lactobacillus, and Helicobacter pylori

82
Q

7 is the pH optimum for

A

neutrophile

83
Q

grow well at pH above 9

A

alkalophile

84
Q

pH optimum 1-5 are called

A

acidophile

85
Q

what temperatures were used for zenwise, s. wholesome, E. coli, and S. marcescens

A

4, 20, 37, 60

86
Q

serratia marcescens pigment shows up at what temperature

A

20

87
Q

what are barritts A & B reagents

A

KOH & Alpha-naphthol

88
Q

what enzyme turns phenylalanine into phenylpyruvic acid + ammonia

A

phenylalanine deaminase

89
Q

what is the CFU/mL equation

A

colonies counted/amount plated (mL) x diultion

90
Q

what is the thermophile we used in class

A

bacillus stearothermophilus

91
Q

what is mineral oil in decarboxylase and lysine test used for

A

allow anerobic respiration

Microbiology LAB final (3 decks)

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