discovered if two convex lenses were put together, it can be used to make small objects appear larger
Janssen
coined the term “microscopio”
Faber
- published Microgaphia which detailed his studies using the 25x microscope
- “cella” to describe cells as “great many little boxes”
- first person to describe and draw a microorganism
Hooke
- came up with a 200x microscope
- described tiny living animals (protozoa and algae) as animalcules
Leeuwenhoek
believed in the theory of miasma or bad air where origin of epidemics such as cholera, malaria, and plague were due to “bad air”
Naturalists
- observed the mortality of pregnant women due to puerperal fever
- source of contagion must be from cadavers on which the medical students previously had been performing autopsies
Semmelweis
“Father of Epidemiology”, discovered that cholera was waterborne and not spread by miasma through spot-mapping
Snow
- “Father of Bacteriology”
- first to correctly explain that fermentation involves converting sugar into alcohol by yeasts in the absence of oxygen
- souring and spoilage of wine and dairy products is caused by bacteria
- pasteurization technique (heating the wine to 55 degrees C after fermentation but before aging
- proposed the GERM THEORY DISEASE where specific pathogens are responsible for specific infectious disease
Pasteur
- verified the germ theory of disease through Koch’s postulates
- isolated a specific bacterial species from a diseased individual and demonstrate that the isolate organism caused the same disease to another host
Koch
PASTEUR LAB
attenuated the bacterial cells of chicken cholera
Pasteur with Chamberland
PASTEUR LAB
attenuation to anthrax - could protect the sheep against the disease
Pasteur
PASTEUR LAB
began testing of experimental rabies vaccine
Roux
PASTEUR LAB
gave the untested rabies vaccine to Joseph Meister - he recovered and remained healthy
Pasteur
PASTEUR LAB
identified the diptheria toxin
Yersin & Roux
PASTEUR LAB
discovered phagocytosis
Metchnikoff
KOCH LAB
* identified and cultured Mycobaterium tuberculosis
* discovered Bacillus anthracis
* isolated Vibrio cholerae and confirmed Snow’s suspicion
Koch
KOCH LAB
isolated Corynebacterium diptheriae (diptheria bacillus)
Loeffler
KOCH LAB
cultivated the typhoid bacillus
Gaffky
KOCH LAB
suggested some dyes might control bacterial infections
Ehrlich
KOCH LAB
isolated Clostridium tetani
Kitasato
KOCH LAB
Developed the diptheria antitoxin
Behring
observed bacterial cells in leprosy patients
Hansen
discovered Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisser
discovered that malaria is caused by a protozoan
Laveran
