Microbiology Final

Question 1

Sterilization and Disinfectants
Mode of action:

Answer 1

• damage to proteins
• damage to nucleic acids
• inhibit metabolism
• alters cell membrane permeability

Question 2

Factors affecting
Sterilization and Disinfectants: (5)

Answer 2

• time/pH and temp.
• types and number of organisms present
• concentration of contaminated material
• presence of interfering agents
• concentration of the used agents

Question 3

Sterilization DEF

Answer 3

Procedure to kill or remove ALL microorganisms

Question 4

Disinfection DEF

Answer 4

Procedure to kill or remove MOST microorganisms

Question 5

*Disinfectants DEF

Answer 5

CANNOT be applied externally or internally, will cause tissue damage

Ex. Protoplasmic poisons, bleach

Question 6

*Antiseptics DEF

Answer 6

Can be applied externally to tissue but not internally

Ex, rubbing alcohol

Question 7

*Antimicrobial/ Antibiotic DEF

Answer 7

Are low toxicity and can be used internally, & cure microbial diseases

Question 8

Aseptic technique -

Answer 8

Procedure that prevent microbial contamination

Question 9

Sanitization technique -

Answer 9

Procedure that lower microbial counts

Question 10

Sepsis DEF

Answer 10

The Presence of microbial contamination

Question 11

Asepsis DEF

Answer 11

The Absence of microbial contamination

Question 12

Sterilization by physical methods-

Answer 12

• Sterilizing by heat
• Sterilizing by radiation

Question 13

Sterilization by mechanical methods

Answer 13

• Sterilization by Filtration (removing bacteria from liquids)
• Used for Heat sensitive substances (serums, sugars, drugs)

Question 14

Direct Heat:

[Sterilization by heat]

Question 15

Dry Heat:

[Sterilization by heat]

Question 16

Moist Heat:

[Sterilization by heat]

Question 17

Types of Moost heat:

Answer 17

• Pasteurization
• Boiling
• Steaming

Question 18

Pasteurization -

[Moist Heat]

Answer 18

Usually for milk

Question 19

Boiling -

[Moist Heat]

Answer 19

For forceps and utensils

At 100°C for 5 minutes

Question 20

Steaming -

[Moist Heat]

Answer 20

At 100°C for 30 minutes
At 121°C for 15 minutes

Steam under pressure/autoclave
- Simple autoclave
- Intermittent steaming

Question 21

Sterilization by Radiation:

Answer 21

(The killing is due to the affect on the organisms DNA) achieved by:

• Direct sunlight
• Ultraviolet light
• Ionizing radiation

Question 22

Types of Filters:

Answer 22

• Membrane filters (Millipore)
• Vacuum filters
• Syringe filters
• HEBA filters

Question 23

Types of Disinfectant agents: (8)

Answer 23

1. Oxidizing agents
2. Halogen compounds
3. Alcohol
4. Alcohol related compounds
5. Phenols & derivatives
6. Dyes
7. Surface active agents
8. Heavy metal compounds

Question 24

Oxidizing agents:

Question 25

Halogen compounds:

Question 26

Alcohols:

Question 27

Alcohol-related compounds:

Question 28

Phenols & derivatives:

Question 29

Dyes:

Question 30

Surface active agents:

Question 31

Heavy metal compounds:

Question 32

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy DEF

Answer 32

Is the treatment of disease by administrating Antimicrobial agents

Question 34

MHC DEF

Question 35

HLA def

Answer 35

Human Leukocytes Antigen

Question 36

Function of MHC/HLA

Answer 36

Ar