Microbiology Exam 1 pt 1 Flashcards
Robert Hooke
Built the first compound microscope
Used it to observe mold
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Built single-lens magnifiers (first simple microscope), complete with sample holder and focus adjustment
First to observe single-celled microbes
Francesco Redi
First to disprove spontaneous generation
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Disproving spontaneous generation
Florence Nightingale
Devised the polar area chart
First to recognize the diseases in warfare
Louis Pasture
Discovery of the microbial basis of fermentation
Created the swan-neck flask
*a process of pasteurization to avoid
spoiling of wine
John Tyndall
Demonstrated that dust carries microorganisms
The existence of exceptionally heat resistant forms of bacteria
Ferdinand Cohn
First to discover heat-resistant bacteria could produce endospores
Robert Koch
Founder of the scientific method of microbiology
The relationship between Bacillus anthracis and anthrax
Angeline and Walter Hesse
Found a solid medium using agar to promote bacterial growth
Julius Petri
Created the double-dish containers
“petri dish”
Mr. Onesimus and Lady Mary Montagu
was a slave from West Africa and introduced smallpox variolation to American colonies
introduces it to Europe from Turkey
Edward Jenner
Infected people with matter from cowpox
Vaccination in latin vacca means cow
Louis Pasteur
First to develop vaccines based on attenuated strain
Ignaz Semmelweis
Ordered doctors to wash their hands with chlorine
which causes the mortality rates of woman to fall during childbirth
Joseph Lister
Provided indirect evidence that microorganisms were the causal agents of disease.
Developed an antiseptic surgery system to prevent microorganisms from entering wounds
His patients had fewer postoperative infections
Alexander Fleming
Discovered Penicillium mold inhibited Staphylococcus aureus growth
Then Howard Flory and Ernst Chain purify penicillin
first commercial antibiotic to save
human lives
Sergei Winogradsky
discovering lithotrophs
developed enrichment cultures
built the Winogradsky column
Electron Microscopy
Two types: Scanning and Transmission
Resloution can be up to ~1000x better
Sample must be able to absorb electrons
Coat with heavy metal
Electron beam and sample is placed in
a vacuum
Lenses are magnetic fields
TEM
Sample in a vacuum
Thin slices are cut and stained with heavy metal salts
SEM
Specimen is fixed, dehydrated, and dried
Specimen is coated in gold
3D images is seen
Light Microscopes
Lenses to magnify
3 different types:
Darkfield
Phase Contrast
Brightfield
Numerical Aperture
NA= nsineθ
n=refractive index
θ= angle of the light cone
Total Magnification
Ocular lens x Objective lens
Wet mount
Placing microbes in a drop of water w/ a coverslip on top
Advantages:
Observe cells in natural state
View motility
Disadvantages:
Hard to see
Sample could dry out
