Microbiology/cross Infection Flashcards
List 3 types of micro-organisms?
1- bacteria
2- fungi
3- virus
Bacterial spores
What does cross infection mean?
Transfer of micro-organisms from one person to another e.g. patient to patient
What does disinfection mean?
Chemical killing of bacteria and fungi but not all viruses and spores
What does sterilisation mean?
Killing of all micro-organisms bacteria fungi viruses and spores
What does decontamination mean?
Range of processes cleaning disinfection and/or sterilisation which render instruments and equipment see for use
What does zoning mean?
Having separate clean and dirty zones to reduce the risk of cross infection
What does pathogenic mean?
Microorganisms able to cause disease
What does asepsis mean?
The absence of all living pathogenic microorganisms
Give two examples of diseases caused by pathogens
hepatitis B TB hepatitis C common cold flu
I make organism capable of causing disease as described as what?
Pathogenic
Micro organism, which can cause disease is said to be what?
Pathogenic
What is a standard precaution?
Threat all patients as infectious
What does SICPS stand for?
Standard infection control precautions
Give an example of how you apply SCIPS?
Threatball patients as infectious follow practice cross infection policy /follow the same high standard of infection control for all patients
What is a prion?
Abnormal protein unable to be destroyed by autoclaving
A person who has no symptoms of a disease but may pass it onto another person is called a what?
Carrier
What is the term used for a documented quality assurance procedure applied to each stage of the decontamination process to ensure the procedure is consistently carried out to a required standard?
Validation
Why is it important to keep records in relation to cross infection?
For validation (proof)
Give two examples of records that should be kept in relation to infection control
Waste consignment notes, data radar or printouts from autoclave/WD, logbooks
What is an example of bacteria?
Stretococcus mutans
What is the disease caused by streptococcus mutans?
Dental caries
What is an example of fungi?
Candida albicans
What is the disease caused by Candida albicans?
Oral thrush
Denture stomatitis
Angular cheilitis
What is an example of fungi?
Herpes simplex
What is the disease caused by herpes simplex?
Herpes labialis (cold sores)
Name the disease caused by lactobacillus
Dental caries
Name the disease caused by borellia Vincentii
ANUG
Name the disease caused by Legionella
Legionnaires disease
Name the micro organism that causes denture stomatitis
Candida albicans
Name the micro organism mainly responsible for angular cheilitis
Candida albicans
Name the micro organisms that causes cold sores
Herpes simplex
Name the micro organisms that’s mainly involved in dental caries
Streptococcus mutans
What shape is cocci?
Round
What shape is bacilli?
Rod
What shape is vibrios?
Comma
What shape is filamentous
Thread like
What shape is spirochaetes
Spiral
What is a bacterium?
Lactobacillus
What does SDCEP stand for?
Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme
Correct time, temperature and pressure for autoclave?
3 minutes 134 degrees 2.2bar pressure
How often should a manual test be carried out and recorded for autoclave?
Once per day
3 values should be recorded during manual test of autoclave
Time, temperature and pressure
List 3 items which are sterilised by gamma-irradiation
1- scalpel
2- sutures
3- local anaesthetic cartridges needles disposable syringes surgical gowns cannula
What procedure should be followed if a fault occurs with the autoclave?
Stop autoclave immediately, report, out of use notice on the door, use alternative autoclave, contact engineer or identify fault from manual
List the correct sequence for the washer disinfectant cycle
Flush, wash, rinse, thermal disinfection, dry
List the correct sequence for the washer disinfectant cycle
Flush, wash, rinse, thermal disinfection, dry
According to SDCEP guidelines, what temperature and time does the washer disinfector need to reach at the thermal disinfection stage?
80°c for 10 minutes or 90°c for one minute
According to SDS guidelines, what is the maximum temperature that should be reached by the washer disinfectant during the flush stage?
Less than 45°C
According to SDS guidelines, what is the maximum temperature that should be reached by the washer disinfectant during the flush stage?
Less than 45°C
Why is it important the washer does not exceed 45°C during the flush stage?
To prevent protein coagulation
What is the microorganism commonly found in dental unit waterlines?
legionella
What is the microorganism commonly found in dental unit waterlines?
legionella
For how long between patients should dental unit waterlines be flushed?
30 seconds
For how long between patients should dental unit waterlines be flushed?
30 seconds
For how long at the beginning of a session should dental unit waterlines be flushed?
2 to 4 minutes
Why should dental unit waterlines be flushed at the beginning of the session and between patients?
Minimise the risk of legionella lying in the waterlines
List two diseases that dental mercies should be vaccinated against
Hepatitis B, BCG, measles, mumps rubella MMR, tetanus, polio, seasonal flu and Covid
Following the third inoculation for hepatitis B a blood sample is taken to check what
Titre levels
Immunisations initiate the body to produce what?
Antibodies
Immunisations initiate the body to produce what?
Antibodies
Name two types of immunity
1- natural/artificial
2-active/passive
What does PPE stand for?
Personal protective equipment
What is the purpose of gloves?
Protect hands from blood and saliva
What is the purpose of gloves?
Protect hands from blood and saliva
What is the purpose of goggle/visor?
Protect eyes from blood and splatter/debris
What is the purpose of a mask?
Protect nose and mouth from blood and splatter
What is the purpose of uniform?
To protect the body from blood and splatter
What is the purpose of uniform?
To protect the body from blood and splatter
What is the recommended time for completion of clinical hand hygiene?
20 to 30 seconds
What is the recommended time for completion of clinical hand hygiene?
20 to 30 seconds
What is the recommended time for a completion of surgical scrub hand hygiene?
3 to 4 minutes
What is the recommended time for a completion of surgical scrub hand hygiene?
3 to 4 minutes
Name two procedures that involve surgical hand hygiene
Implant, surgical extraction, oral surgery, apicetomy
State the first reactions are dental nurse should take in the event of suffering a sharp injury
1- squeeze area to encourage bleeding
2- wash under running water
3- cover with waterproof dressing
What do you understand by the term inoculation injury?
Needle stick injury
List 4 ways a dental nurse can reduce the risk of cross infection
Hand washing between patient, zoning in the surgery and LDU, use single use items when possible, autoclaving all reusable instruments between patients, disinfect work surfaces between patients, wear PPE for protection, staff immunisation, segregate waste into correct stream
What does direct contact mean relating to cross infection?
Past from the infected person to the healthy person via physical contact with blood or body fluids
What does indirect contact mean relating to cross infection?
No direct here in contact/surface to person
Give an example of transmission of infection by direct contact
Direct touch/handshake, coughing around a person
Give an example of transmission of infection by direct contact
Direct touch/handshake, coughing around a person
What type of disinfectant should the dental used to deal with a spillage of blood?
Sodium hypochlorite
Name two solutions which may be used to decontaminate the surgery surfaces
Sodium hypochlorite, detergent, isopropyl alcohol
Give an example for alcohol wipes
Disinfecting hard surfaces
An example we are sodium hypochlorite would be used
Cleaning a blood spillage
An example we are sodium hypochlorite would be used
Cleaning a blood spillage
How should work surfaces be cleaned?
Alcohol/disinfectant/detergent wipe between every patient and before starting finish of each clinical session
Give an example of two standard infection control procedures that should be covered during staff induction
Handwashing policy disposal of waste policy cross infection policy and sharps injury procedure
Give an example of two standard infection control procedures that should be covered during staff induction
Handwashing policy disposal of waste policy cross infection policy and sharps injury procedure
Give an example of two records that should be kept by the surgery in relation to cross infection
Waste consignment notes and autoclave cycles/washer disinfector cycle validation
Give an example of two records that should be kept by the surgery in relation to cross infection
Waste consignment notes and autoclave cycles/washer disinfector cycle validation
State three items that must be disposed of in the sharps box
Needles, endo files, matrix bands
State two actions which are down on earth should take to minimise a risk of a sharps injury in the surgery
Safe handling and disposal of sharps in the sharps box, dispose of needle immediately after use, wear thick rubber gloves if manual cleaning, use needle guards or re-sheeting device, avoid lifting a large number of dirty instruments at the same time
List three ways pathogens can enter the body
Inhalation/ingestion/injury or through eyes/nose/mouth
List three ways pathogens can enter the body
Inhalation/ingestion/injury or through eyes/nose/mouth
How is hepatitis B mainly transmitted?
Blood
How is hepatitis B mainly transmitted?
Blood
How is MRSA infection normally spread?
Skin to skin contact (hands)
How is MRSA infection normally spread?
Skin to skin contact (hands)
How often should a patient’s medical history be checked?
Every visit
What decontamination process can be used in a dental surgery to ensure a contaminated item is safe for reuse?
Sterilisation and disinfection
How should your decontaminate an alginate impression?
Rinse under tap to remove remove blood and saliva, immerse and disinfectant solution, remove rinse and wrap and weight goes, label lab sheet as disinfected
What is an ultrasonic bath used for?
Debris removal
List two surgery items that are single use and disposable
Three and one tip, aspirator tips, saliva ejectors, local anaesthetic needles and cartridges, mouthwash cups, Endo files, stainless steel bars, polishing cups/brushes, gloves, matrix bands, plastic syringes, plastic impression trays, scalpels and all other items marked single use
State three steps according to SDCEP guidelines that must be taken to ensure safe storage and disposal of Malcolm
Use and well ventilated area, use capsules, dispose and Redstream waste sealed container, have a mercury spillage kit
