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Microbiology: Lecture > Microbiology Chapter 11 & 12 > Flashcards

Microbiology Chapter 11 & 12 Flashcards

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0
Q

Moist heat

A

Operates at a lower temperature and shorter exposure time to archive the same results as dry heat

Halts cellular metabolism

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1
Q

Dry Heat

A

Low moister content that has been heated by flame it coil

Temperature can range in the thousands

Dry heat oxidizes the cell and burns them to ashes

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2
Q

Autoclave

A

Non pressurized steam

Substances that cannot withstand the high temperature is put through tyndallization

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3
Q

TDP

A

The lowest temperature at which all microbes are killed in a specific length of time (10 minutes)

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4
Q

TDT

A

Defined as the shortest length if time required to kill all test microbes at a specified temperature

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5
Q

Pasteurization

A

Disinfection of milk, juice, beer, and wine

Heat is applied to liquids to kill potential agents of infection and spoilage

Targets salmonella

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6
Q

Drug classes

A

Antibacterial
Anti fungal
Anti protozoan
Antiviral

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7
Q

Physical agents if controlling growth

A

Heat:
Dry-incineration
Moist-boiling water

Radiation:
Ionizing- X-ray
Non ionizing-UV

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8
Q

Disinfection

A

A process to destroy vegetative pathogens not endospores

Pasteurization

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9
Q

Sterilization

A

A process that destroys all microbes, viruses, and endospores

Tyndallization

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10
Q

Antisepsis

A

Disinfectants applied directly to exposed body surfaces

Iodine and germicidal soaps

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11
Q

Sanitization

A

Any cleansing technique that removes derbis, microorganisms, and toxins

Is affordable

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12
Q

Degermation

A

Mechanically removing microbes from the skin

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13
Q

Filtration

A

Sterilization is used to prepare liquids that cannot withstand heat including serum, vaccines, blood, IV fluid

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14
Q

Boiling water

A

Boiling water will kill most non-spore forming pathogens

Kills tubercle bacillus and staph

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15
Q

Heavy metals

A

Mercury silver gold copper Arsenic zinc

Bunds into proteins and inactivates them bring the metabolism to a standstill

16
Q

Hypochlorates

A

Used for sanitation and disinfection if equipment, pools, water, and disinfection

Bleach

17
Q

Idophors

A

Common iodine for skin

Antiseptic prep for surgery or injections

18
Q

Phenolic

A

Microbicidal and will destroy befit active bacteria

Not sporicidal

Lysol and triclosan

19
Q

Antiseptic

A

Milder phenol compounds and bisphenols

20
Q

Detergent

A

Quays act as surfactants that alter membrane permeability of some bacteria an fungi

21
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

A

Damage protein and DNA while becoming oxygen

Microbicide that can be used as an antiseptic for wounds

22
Q

Alcohol

A

Destroys resistant vegetative bacteria an spores with enough exposure times

Inactivates enveloped spores quicker than non enveloped spores

23
Q

Hexacholrophene

A

One used as cleansing soaps now only use to prevent outbreaks of skin infections

24
Q

Glutaraldehyde

A

Broad spectrum sterilants and disinfectant

Retains potency even in presence of organic matter

Non corrosive

Less toxic

25
Q

Food irradiation

A

Process of sterilization of entire foods

Decrease amount of vitamin B1 in foods

26
Q

Antibodies

A

Substances produced by natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can destroy microorganisms

Penicillin
Bacillus
Strep

27
Q

Sources of antibiotics

A

Bacteria: strep & bacillus

Molds: penicillium & cephalosporin

28
Q

Antiviral

A

Selective toxicity is almost impossible due to obligate intracellular parasitic nature of viruses

Block penetration of host cell

29
Q

MIC

A

Smallest concentration if drug that visibly inhibits growth

30
Q

AZT

A

Azidothymidine

First drug aimed at treating aids

Thymine analog

31
Q

Acyclovir

A

A antiviral agent that mimics the structure of nucleotides and compete for sites on replicating DNA

Antiherpes drug

Microbiology: Lecture (2 decks)

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