microbiology basics Flashcards
gram + bacteria
pneumococci
streptococci
staphylococci
actinomycetes
bacili
clostridia
corynbacteria
micrococci
listeria
bifidobacteria
staphylococcus aureus
-gram+ bacteria
-mssa/mrsa
-most common cause of osteomyelitis and infective endocarditis
-incresed risk in iv drug users above
-
streptococcus pneumonia
-round bacteria
-in chains
-most common cause of CAPA and menengitis
listeria
gram+
-milk cheese poltry ..
-flue like sym. in mothers
-meningitis and sepsis in newborn
-immunocompromised and elderly has increased risk of infection
-ampicillin treatment of choice
gram - bacteria
gonococcus
veillonella
meningococcus
chlamedia
rickettsia
vibrio
eschrichia
helicobacter
spirillium
spirochetes
e.choli
-gram neg
-most common cause of UTI(90-95%)
-can lead to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
-can lesd to travelers diarrhea + cholecystitis
H.pylori
gram (-)
- leads to ulcer in stomach and duodenum
-tx: triple /quadruple
-dx:urea breath test …later gastroscopy with biopsy
-if penicillin allergy use flagyl
(metronidazole)
rickettsia
-gram neg.
-leads to rocky mountain spotted fever
-transmitted via ticks/dogs
-tx:doxycycline for all cases despite its adverse effect on pregnant and children
adverse effect of doxycycline
teeth discoloration +slow bone growth
neisseria gonorrhoeae
- gram neg.
-diplococci
-leads to gonorrhea disease
-and septic arthritis and urethritis - its STD
neisseria meningitidis
- gram neg.
-diplococci
-lead to meningitis (not most common cause)
most common site of infection of gram +
skin( erysipelas / cellulitis)
pharingitis (strep. pharingitis)
tosilitis
sinusitis
bronchitis
otitis media
endocarditis
acne
skin infection tX:
first generation cephalosporins :
-cefazoline
-cephoral
-cephalexin
-cefixime
Erysipelas
local signs /well demarcated
Erysipelas is the most common
cutaneous manifestation of
FMF= Familial Mediterranean
Fever.
Treatment of choice in FMF is
colchicine or Anakinra= IL-1
inhibitor
most common site of infection for gram - bacteria
GRAM -BACTERIA:
➢leads to UTI = Urinary Tract Infection
**most common cause of UTI is e.coli (gram -)
➢leads to GI tract infection *such as H.Pylori
➔gastritis, PUD=Peptic Ulcer Disease
➢leads to intra-abdominal infections
Gram + anaerobes
clostridium / actinomyces/ peptostreptococcus
Clostridium species = spore-forming
Clostridium difficile, Clostridium botulinum, and Clostridium tetan
Peptostreptococcus is a very common cause of abscesses in respiratory tract.
➔Treated with clindamycin = anaerobes
Gram – anaerobes
bacteroides / fusobacterium/ prevotella
Anaerobes can lead to
➔oral cavity infections, vaginal infection, GI tract infections.
