Microbiology- Bacterial Infections Flashcards by Daniel Guck

What is reactive arthritis?

An immunologic response caused from bacteria elsewhere in the body.

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True or False: In reactive arthritis, bacteria in the joint cause the symptoms.

False. The bacteria are elsewhere in the body.

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What are the 2 common triggers of reactive arthritis?

enteric infections (Jack in the Box) and STI’s (Jack in the Butt)

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Klebsiella infections can cause what type of reactive arthritis condition?

Ankylosing spondylitis

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What surface antigen is similiar to Klebsiella Ag’s, which cross-reacts with immune cells to cause ankylosing spondylitis?

HLA B27

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What is septic arthritis?

It’s when bacteria in the blood travel and infects the joint DIRECTLY.

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What are some common etiolgies of septic arthritis?

trauma, but often unknown

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What is the most common bacteria that causes septic arthritis?

staph

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What populations are at risk for septic arthritis?

elderly, immunocompromised

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Campylobacter- gram stain

negative

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Campylobacter- shape

curved or S-shaped

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Campylobacter- agar growth

42 degrees on campy agar

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Campylobacter- urease test

negative

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Yersinia- gram stain

negative

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Yersinia- lactose test

non-fermenter

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Yersinia- temperature which it’s motile

25 degrees, not 37

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Salmonellae- gram stain

negative

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Salmonellae- morphology

motile, has flagella

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Salmonellae- lactose test

non-fermenter

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Salmonellae- oxidase test

negative

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Salmonellae- H2S test

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Shigella- gram stain

neg

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Shigella- motility

non-motile

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Shigella- lactose test

non-fermenter

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Shigella- H2S test

neg

Chlamydia trachomatis- gram stain

neither + or -, it's an obligate intracellular

Chlamydia trachomatis- iodine stain

+ with inclusion bodies

Chlamydia trachomatis- giemsa stain

Chlamydia trachomatis- associated syndrome

Reiter's syndrome

What are the Sx of Reiter's syndrome?

conjunctivitis, UTI's, mucocutaneous lesions. (Can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree)

To diagnose septic arthritis, synovial fluid is tested +. What type of bacteria could be the causitive agent (in 75% of the cases)?

A gram + bacteria

Neisseria gonorrhea septic arthritis- population

younger, sexually active individuals (75% of the cases)

Neisseria gonorrhea septic arthritis- Sx

fever, pain in multiple joints, multiple skin lesions

Neisseria gonorrhea septic arthritis- synovial fluid culture test

negative

What is the most common cause of non-gonococcal septic arthritis in adults and children?

Staph. aureus

S. viridans and pneumoniae (group B) are secondary to S. aureus and cause what % of the cases of septic arthritis?

20%

What % of untreated lyme disease patients develop arthritis?

60%

Staphylococcus aureus- gram stain

Staphylococcus aureus- catalase test

Staphylococcus aureus- coagulase test

Streptococci- gram stain

Streptococci- catalase test

What are the 2 beta-hymolytic Streptococci?

pyogenes and agalactiae

S. pyogenes- bacitracin test

sensitive

S. agalactiae- bacitracin test

resistant

What are the 3 alpha-hymolytic Streptococci?

pneumoniae, mutans, intermedius

S. pneumoniae- optochin test

sensitive

Mutans and intermedius- optochin test

resistant

Haemophilus influenza- gram stain

Haemophilus influenza- shape

coccobacilli

Haemophilus influenza- Quellung test

Haemophilus influenza- culture

chocolate agar, requires X and V factors

Mycobacterium tuberculosis- acid-fast test

Mycobacterium tuberculosis- shape

thin rods, non motile

Mycobacterium tuberculosis- aerobic or anaerobic

obligate aerobe

Borrelia burgdorferi- shape

spirochete

Borrelia burgdorferi- tests

giemsa and silver stain

Borrelia burgdorferi- aerobe or anaerobe

microaerophilic

Borrelia burgdorferi- serology

ELISA, western blot

What is osteomyelitis?

infection of the bone and bone marrow

What is the most common bacteria in osteomyelitis?

S. aureus

Osteomyelitis- Tx

diffcult, usually by surgery

What is the epidemiology of acute osteomyelitis in children?

2 cases/10,000 children (typically in lower extremities)

What is the epidemiology of chronic osteomyelitis in the population?

2 cases/10,000 (mostly in diabetics)

What are the 2 routes of infection for osteomyelitis?

hematogeneous, direct spread after injury/surgery

What are the Sx of hematogeneous osteomyelitis?

fever, chills, lethargy, local inflammation

What are the Sx of direct osteomyelitis?

occurs 1 month after trauma/surgery, low-grade fever, pain, drainage, bone necrosis and soft tissue dmg. difficult to Tx.

What are the Sx of chronic osteomyelitis?

chronic local pain, sequestrum (necrotic bone) surrounded by involcrum (new bone sheath)

I wanted

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