Microbiology And Infection Control

Question 1

What are the three types of pathogenic bacteria and what are their shapes?

Answer 1

Cocci-round
Sparilli-spiral
Bacilli-rod

Question 2

What are the three groups of cocci bacteria?

Answer 2

Staphylococci, Streptococci and Diplococci

Question 3

What are staphylococci shaped like and what diseases are they responsible for?

Answer 3

Shaped like a cluster of grapes and is responsible for diseases such as impetigo, chicken pox and most skin infections

Question 4

What are streptococci shaped like and what diseases are they responsible for?

Answer 4

Shaped like a string of beads and is responsible for strep throat, scarlet fever and rheumatic fever.

Question 5

What do diplococci look like and what are it’s three sub groups and what are they responsible for?

Answer 5

Found in pairs

• pneumococcus (pneumonia)
• meningcoccus (meningitis)
• gonococci (gonorrhea)

Question 6

Who is credited for the discovery of bacteria?

Answer 6

Anton Van Leuwenhock (1632-1723)

Question 7

Where are bacteria found?

Answer 7

Everywhere especially in dirt, dust, refuse and diseased tissue. They are particularly numerous on the body and in water

Question 8

What are the two stages of the bacterium life cycle?

Answer 8

The active/growing and reproducing stage and the inactive/spore forming stage

Question 9

What is the difference between bacteria and viruses?

Answer 9

Viruses live only by penetrating cells and becoming part of their host where bacteria can live on their own

Question 10

What does HIV stand for?

Answer 10

Human immunodeficiency virus

Question 11

What does AIDS stand for?

Answer 11

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Question 12

What are parasites?

Answer 12

Parasites are vegetable or animal organisms that live in or on another living organism and draw their nourishment.

Question 13

What types of parasites are there? give examples of each

Answer 13

Vegetable parasites such as mild and yeast and animal parasites such as lice or mites

Question 14

What are the body’s three lines of defences?

Answer 14

First line- the skin, mucks in the nose and tears act as a barrier and stops bacteria from entering the body

Second line- the body produces inflammation in order to protect itself

Third line- the body produces anti-bodies which destroy harmful bacteria

Question 15

list 5 ways bacteria and viruses can enter the body

Answer 15

A break in the skin
Eyes or ears 
Mouth 
Nose 
Unprotected sex

Question 16

List 6 ways bacteria can spread from person to person

Answer 16

Coughing and sneezing 
Sexual contact 
Open cuts
Unclean hands
Unclean tools
Use of towels or cups

Question 17

What are the two types of immunity

Answer 17

Natural immunity: the immunity you are born with

Acquired immunity: the immunity your body develops after receiving a vaccine or overcoming an illness/ disease

Question 18

What are non pathogenic bacteria?

Answer 18

Beneficial bacteria to us. Bacteria are numerous in the mouth and stomach and help out digestive system

Question 19

What are pathogenic bacteria?

Answer 19

Bacteria which produce toxins and can cause disease

Question 20

What is the definition of bacteriology?

Answer 20

The study of microorganisms

Question 21

What are bacteria?

Answer 21

Minute, one called organisms that can only be seen from a microscope

Question 22

How many species of bacteria are there?

Answer 22

15,000 known species

Question 23

How quickly can bacteria multiply?

Answer 23

Bacteria can produce 16,000 copies of itself in half a day