Microbiology and Host Immune Response

Question 1

What is a bacterium?

Answer 1

a simple unicellular prokaryote

Question 2

Through what process do bacteria divide?

Answer 2

binary fission

Question 3

What do bacteria use to obtain energy?

Answer 3

photosynthesis or inorganic substances

Question 4

Where do the organic chemicals used by bacteria, come from?

Answer 4

dead or living organisms

Question 5

What are archaea?

Answer 5

prokaryotes that live under extreme conditions

Question 6

What are methanogens?

Answer 6

produce methane as a waste product of respiration

Question 7

What are extreme halophiles?

Answer 7

organisms that survive under salty conditions

Question 8

What are extreme thermophiles?

Answer 8

organisms that survive under hot SULFUROUS conditions

Question 9

Can archaea cause diseases to humans?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

Some archaea have cell walls, what do they lack?

Answer 10

peptidoglycan (murein)

Question 11

What are fungi?

Answer 11

eukaryotes that are either UNICELLULAR or MULTICELLULAR

Question 12

Can fungi photosynthesise?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

What are fungal cell walls composed of?

Answer 13

chitin

Question 14

What are bacterial cell walls composed of?

Answer 14

peptidoglycan (murein)

Question 15

How do fungi reproduce?

Answer 15

sexually and asexually

Question 16

How do fungi obtain nourishment?

Answer 16

absorbs organic material from the environment

Question 17

What is a common fungus?

Answer 17

moulds

Question 18

What is slime mould?

Answer 18

mould with characteristics of FUNGI and AMEBAE

Question 19

What are protozoa?

Answer 19

unicellular eukaryotes

Question 20

What do protozoa use to move? (3 answers)

Answer 20

• pseudopods
• flagella
• cilia

Question 21

What are parasites?

Answer 21

organisms that derive nutrients from living hosts

Question 22

Examples of parasites? (2 answers)

Answer 22

• protozoa

- viruses

Question 23

Where do protozoa absorb organic compounds from?

Answer 23

environment

Question 24

Can protozoa photosynthesise?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

Where do protozoa carbon dioxide from?

Answer 25

sugars

Question 26

How do protozoa reproduce?

Answer 26

sexually and asexually

Question 27

What are algae?

Answer 27

photosynthetic unicellular eukaryotes

Question 28

How do algae reproduce?

Answer 28

sexually and asexually

Question 29

What are algal cell walls composed of?

Answer 29

cellulose

Question 30

Do algae require organic compounds from the environment?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

Where are algae most abundant? (4 answers)

Answer 31

- freshwater - saltwater - soil - associated with plants

Question 32

What are viruses?

Answer 32

small simple acellular parasites

Question 33

Why do viruses need a host

Answer 33

they are inert without one

Question 34

What are the 3 domains?

Answer 34

- bacteria - archaea - eukarya

Question 35

Benefits of microbes? (4 reasons)

Answer 35

- used in vaccines and gene therapy - make up gut flora - decompose waste - used in food

Question 36

What did Leeuwenhoek discover?

Answer 36

protozoa and bacteria

Question 37

What did Leeuwenhoek discover first?

Answer 37

protozoa (it was bigger)

Question 38

Define "spontaneous generation"

Answer 38

forms of life arise spontaneously from non-living matter

Question 39

What did Redi discover?

Answer 39

maggots did not generate spontaneously

Question 40

What was the 1st step in REDI'S experiment?

Answer 40

fill 2 jars with DECAYING meat- 1st unsealed (flies lay eggs), 2nd sealed (flies cannot enter)

Question 41

What was Redi's second experiment?

Answer 41

a jar was covered with a fine net with no seal; no larvae present

Question 42

What was Needham's experiment?

Answer 42

chicken and corn broths with microorganisms present

Question 43

What did Virchow find out?

Answer 43

the theory of biogenesis

Question 44

What was concluded from the experiment with flasks of beef broths left open?

Answer 44

microbes in the air contaminate non-living matter

Question 45

What did Pasteur find out about yeast?

Answer 45

they convert sugars into alcohol in the absence of air

Question 46

In the presence of air, what do bacteria convert alcohol into?

Answer 46

acetic acid (vinegar)

Question 47

Who developed the vaccine?

Answer 47

Jenner

Question 48

What do vaccines do to pathogens?

Answer 48

cause them to lose VIRULENCE