Microbiology and Host Immune Response Flashcards
What is a bacterium?
a simple unicellular prokaryote
Through what process do bacteria divide?
binary fission
What do bacteria use to obtain energy?
photosynthesis or inorganic substances
Where do the organic chemicals used by bacteria, come from?
dead or living organisms
What are archaea?
prokaryotes that live under extreme conditions
What are methanogens?
produce methane as a waste product of respiration
What are extreme halophiles?
organisms that survive under salty conditions
What are extreme thermophiles?
organisms that survive under hot SULFUROUS conditions
Can archaea cause diseases to humans?
No
Some archaea have cell walls, what do they lack?
peptidoglycan (murein)
What are fungi?
eukaryotes that are either UNICELLULAR or MULTICELLULAR
Can fungi photosynthesise?
No
What are fungal cell walls composed of?
chitin
What are bacterial cell walls composed of?
peptidoglycan (murein)
How do fungi reproduce?
sexually and asexually
How do fungi obtain nourishment?
absorbs organic material from the environment
What is a common fungus?
moulds
What is slime mould?
mould with characteristics of FUNGI and AMEBAE
What are protozoa?
unicellular eukaryotes
What do protozoa use to move? (3 answers)
- pseudopods
- flagella
- cilia
What are parasites?
organisms that derive nutrients from living hosts
Examples of parasites? (2 answers)
- protozoa
- viruses
Where do protozoa absorb organic compounds from?
environment
Can protozoa photosynthesise?
Yes
Where do protozoa carbon dioxide from?
sugars
How do protozoa reproduce?
sexually and asexually
What are algae?
photosynthetic unicellular eukaryotes
How do algae reproduce?
sexually and asexually
What are algal cell walls composed of?
cellulose
Do algae require organic compounds from the environment?
No
Where are algae most abundant? (4 answers)
- freshwater
- saltwater
- soil
- associated with plants
What are viruses?
small simple acellular parasites
Why do viruses need a host
they are inert without one
What are the 3 domains?
- bacteria
- archaea
- eukarya
Benefits of microbes? (4 reasons)
- used in vaccines and gene therapy
- make up gut flora
- decompose waste
- used in food
What did Leeuwenhoek discover?
protozoa and bacteria
What did Leeuwenhoek discover first?
protozoa (it was bigger)
Define “spontaneous generation”
forms of life arise spontaneously from non-living matter
What did Redi discover?
maggots did not generate spontaneously
What was the 1st step in REDI’S experiment?
fill 2 jars with DECAYING meat- 1st unsealed (flies lay eggs), 2nd sealed (flies cannot enter)
What was Redi’s second experiment?
a jar was covered with a fine net with no seal; no larvae present
What was Needham’s experiment?
chicken and corn broths with microorganisms present
What did Virchow find out?
the theory of biogenesis
What was concluded from the experiment with flasks of beef broths left open?
microbes in the air contaminate non-living matter
What did Pasteur find out about yeast?
they convert sugars into alcohol in the absence of air
In the presence of air, what do bacteria convert alcohol into?
acetic acid (vinegar)
Who developed the vaccine?
Jenner
What do vaccines do to pathogens?
cause them to lose VIRULENCE
