Microbiology And Antimicrobials Revision

Question 1

What is a circular bacterium called?

Answer 1

Cocci

Question 2

What colour are gram + and gram -?

Answer 2

+ is purple

• is red

Question 3

What shape is bacilli?

Answer 3

Oblong shape

Question 4

What do the following terms mean?

Aerobic

Facultative

Capnophilic

Strictly anaerobic?

Answer 4

Aerobic = prescience of oxygen

Facultative = with and without oxygen

Capnophilic = in carbon dioxide

Strictly anaerobic = without oxygen

Question 5

Intrinsic resistance vs acquired?

Answer 5

Intrinsic = naturally resistant e.g due to a common structure

Acquired = mutation in DNA or acquisition of new dna

Question 6

What is altered target site? Give example

Answer 6

Site of entry of antibiotic into bacteria changes shape

Now antibiotic cannot enter.

Strep Viridans, penicillin resistance due to modified penicillin binding proteins

Question 7

What is enzymatic inactivation?

Answer 7

Enzymes destroy antibiotics, or prevent them bending to the active site

Question 8

How to counter extended spectrum beta lactamase enzyme?

Answer 8

Carbapenems

Act as a ‘force field’

Question 9

What is a CPE?

Answer 9

Carbapenemase producing enterobacterales

Produce enzyme that breaks down carbapenems

Question 10

What is decreased uptake antibiotic resistance?

Answer 10

Thick gelatinous capsules are around the bacterial cell wall. Prevents antibiotics penetrating in.