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Dermatology > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

list factors preventing skin infections

A

dry environment killing microorganisms
sebum contains fatty acids inhibiting bacterial growth
competitive bacterial flora

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2
Q

list some skin commensals

A

staph epidermidis
corynebacterium
propionibacterium

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3
Q

list the two most common pathogens causing infections in the skin

A

staph aureus

group A strep (strep pyogenes)

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4
Q

how do you diagnose skin infections

A

swab of lesion/pus sample

also blood cultures

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5
Q

what is the treatment for staph aureus infection

A

flucloxacillin

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6
Q

methicillin resistant staph aureus requires different treatment - what is this

A

vancomycin or doxycycline

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7
Q

what type of skin infections can staph aureus cause

A 
boils
infected cuts 
cellulitis 
impetigo
wound infection
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8
Q

what is the most common type of fungal infection of the skin

A

tinea infection - ringworm

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9
Q 
where are the following fungal infections located:
1 tinea capitis 
2 tinea corporis 
3 tinea manuum 
4 tinea unguium 
5 tinea cruris 
6 tinea pedis
A 
1 - scalp 
2 - body 
3 - hand 
4 - nail
5 - groin 
6 - feet (athletes foot)
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10
Q

what is the appearance of tinea infection

A

red circular rings which may overlap and cause itching - may scale and cause plaques

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11
Q

ringworm only affects keratinised tissues true/false

A

true

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12
Q

what organisms cause fungal infections of the skin

A

trichophyton rubrum

trichophyton mentagraphytes

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13
Q

what investigations are required for ringworm infection

A

woods light

skin scraping/nail clippings sent away in dermpak for microscopy and culture

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14
Q

what is the treatment for ringworm infection

A

small area of skin affected - topical clotrimazole or topical nail paint called amorolfine
extensive area/scalp affected - terbinafine orally

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15
Q

where is a candida skin infection most likely to occur

A

warm moist areas where the skin folds eg under the breast, groin and nappy areas in babies

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16
Q

what is the treatment of candida infection

A

clotrimazole cream and oral fluconazole

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17
Q

what is cellulitis and what organisms are most likely to cause it

A

acute infection of the skin and soft tissues, caused by beta-haemolytic strep and staph

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18
Q

describe the appearance of impetigo

A

well defined lesions on nose/lips area with honey coloured crusts on erythematous base - can cause blistering

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19
Q

who does impetigo usually affect

A

children aged 2-5 years old

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20
Q

candida infection in the mouth will wipe off with a spatula true/false

A

true - lichen planus will not

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21
Q

which virus causes chickenpox

A

varicella zoster virus

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22
Q

what is the presentation of chickenpox

A

widespread rash forming into vesicles then scabbing, inflamed skin with fever and itch

23
Q

list some complications of chickenpox

A

secondary bacterial infection
pneumonitis
scarring
encephalitis

24
Q

what are the precursors of severity with chickenpox

A

extremes of age - neonatal chickenpox if contracted in womb severe
depressed cell mediated immunity

25
Q

what is shingles

A

reactivation of varicella zoster virus

26
Q

describe the distribution of shingles

A

dermatomal

27
Q

what is the presentation of shingles

A

tingling pain and erythematous vesicles which turn to crusts
pain is neuralgic in affected area

28
Q

what is post herpetic neuralgia

A

neuralgia from shingles lasting more than 4 weeks

29
Q

what are some complications of shingles

A

ramsay-hunt syndrome - vesicles and pain in auditory canal
facial palsy if CN VII affected
tinnitus, deafness and vertigo if CN VIII affected

30
Q

who is the shingles vaccine routinely available for

A

over 70s

31
Q

what is the initial presentation of herpes simples virus

A

primary gingivostomatitis - extensive red ulceration around the mouth lasting up to a week

32
Q

what is the secondary presentation of herpes simples virus

A

cold sore - blistering rash around vermillion border

33
Q

what type of lesions do HSV type 1 and 2 cause

A

type 1 - majority of oral lesions, half of genital lesions

type 2 - half of genital lesions and encephalitis in neonates

34
Q

is aciclovir effective in treating HSV in active and latent disease

A

active yes but not latent disease

35
Q

molluscum contagiosum is self-limiting but what can help remove lesions

A

local application of liquid nitrogen

36
Q

which virus is the main cause of warts

A

human papilloma virus

37
Q

list which types of HPV cause which conditions

A

type 1 - warts and veruccas
type 6 and 11 - genital warts
type 16 and 18 - cervical cancer

38
Q

HPV vaccine is protective against which types of HPV

A

types 6, 11, 16 and 18

39
Q

what is the treatment of a wart/verucca

A

topical application of salicylic acid

40
Q

what causes hand, foot and mouth disease

A

enterovirus typically coxsackie virus

41
Q

what causes slapped cheek disease

A

parvovirus B19

42
Q

what is the presentation of slapped cheek disease

A

initially rash on the face with slapped cheek appearance

as the face changes get lacy macular rash on body

43
Q

what non-dermatological manifestation of slapped cheek disease can affect adults

A

polyarthritis of the small joints

44
Q

what investigations are carried out for slapped cheek disease

A

parvovirus B19 IgM antibody

45
Q

list some complications of parvovirus

A

spontaneous abortion - foetal hydrops is precursor
aplastic crises
chronic anaemia

46
Q

which animal does orf usually affect

A

sheep - known as scabby mouth disease

47
Q

what is the presentation of orf

A

large, firm, fleshy nodule on typically farmers hand - usually self-limiting

48
Q

what organism causes syphilis

A

bacterium cause treponema pallidum

49
Q

how does primary syphilis present

A

chancre - painless ulcers at the site of entry usually mouth or genitalia

50
Q

how does secondary syphilis present

A

red rash affecting whole of body esp palms and soles

51
Q

how does tertiary syphilis present

A

CNS, CVS and gummatous involvement

52
Q

what is the treatment for syphilis

A

injections of penicillin

53
Q

what causes lyme disease

A

bacteria borrelia burgdorferi but ticks are a vector

54
Q

what is the treatment for lyme disease

A

amoxicillin or doxycycline

Dermatology (8 decks)

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