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Ophthalmology > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

list some causes for bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates

A

staph aureus
neisseria gonorrhoaeae
chlamydia trachomatis

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2
Q

list some causes of bacterial conjunctivitis in adults/children

A

staph aureus
strep. pneumonia
haemophilus influenza

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3
Q

what is the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

topical antibiotics usually chloramphenicol

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4
Q

when should chloramphenicol drops be avoided

A

history of aplastic anaemia

allergy

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5
Q

what are the common causes of viral conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus
herpes simplex virus
herpes zoster virus

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6
Q

how does viral conjunctivitis differ to bacterial conjunctivitis

A

viral - red eye usually with watery/no discharge

bacterial - red eye with very purulent discharge

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7
Q

how does herpes zoster conjunctivitis present

A

shingles in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

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8
Q

swollen inner eyelid with swelling + grains of rice appearance is likely to be which type of conjunctivitis

A

chlamydial conjunctivitis

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9
Q

what are the complications of chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

scarring of the eyelid

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10
Q

what is keratitis

A

inflammation of the cornea

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11
Q

who typically gets bacterial keratitis

A

someone with pre-existing eye condition eg contact lens wearers

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12
Q

what presents with a dendritic ulcer on fluoroscopy

A

herpetic keratitis

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13
Q

herpetic keratitis is treated with steroids true/false

A

false - can cause corneal melt and perforation

instead treat with acyclovir

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14
Q

acanthamoeba infection usually affects which type of person? what gets cultured

A

usually people who wear contact lenses in swimming pools - should culture contact lenses

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15
Q

how does periorbital cellulitis present

A 
painful eye movement 
proptosis 
pyrexia 
previous sinusitis infection 
eye closed over and very swollen
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16
Q

what is the investigation for periorbital cellulitis

A

CT scan of head to look for orbital abscesses

17
Q

what is the difference between preseptal and orbital cellulitis

A

preseptal cellulitis will not compress the optic nerve and therefore does not require surgery

18
Q

what organisms typically cause periorbital cellulitis

A 
staph 
strep
haemophilus influenza 
coliforms 
anaerobes
19
Q

what is endophthalmitis

A

infection of the vitreous and aqueous fluids

usually following ocular surgery

20
Q

what usually causes endophthalmitis

A

usually conjunctival coliforms such as staph epidermidis

21
Q

describe chorioretinitis and what organisms cause it

A

inflammation of the choroid
caused by CMV in immunocompromised
toxoplasma gondii
toxocara canis

22
Q

what type of organism is toxoplasmosis gondii and where can it be picked up

A

protozoan infection

acquired from cats or undercooked mear

23
Q

if sight threatening toxoplasmosis gondii requires what treatment

A

clindamycin/azithromycin with steroids

24
Q

what type of infection is toxocara and where can it be picked up

A

parasitic infection - roundworm

affects cats and dogs

25
Q

toxocara infection is usually self-limiting and requires no treatment true/false

A

true

26
Q

what type of eye infections are swabbed for culture

A

bacterial, chlamydial and viral infections

27
Q

what types of eye infections require corneal scrapes for diagnosis

A

bacterial keratitis

28
Q

what types of eye infections require aqueous/vitreous humour for culture

A

endophthalmitis

29
Q

what types of infection require serology for diagnosis

A

toxoplasma and toxocara

30
Q

what is ofloxacin used in ophthalmic infection

A

gram negative organisms eg coliforms, H. influenzae and pseudomonas

31
Q

what is the treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

topical oxytetracycline

Ophthalmology (11 decks)

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