Microbiology Flashcards
list some causes for bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates
staph aureus
neisseria gonorrhoaeae
chlamydia trachomatis
list some causes of bacterial conjunctivitis in adults/children
staph aureus
strep. pneumonia
haemophilus influenza
what is the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis
topical antibiotics usually chloramphenicol
when should chloramphenicol drops be avoided
history of aplastic anaemia
allergy
what are the common causes of viral conjunctivitis
adenovirus
herpes simplex virus
herpes zoster virus
how does viral conjunctivitis differ to bacterial conjunctivitis
viral - red eye usually with watery/no discharge
bacterial - red eye with very purulent discharge
how does herpes zoster conjunctivitis present
shingles in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
swollen inner eyelid with swelling + grains of rice appearance is likely to be which type of conjunctivitis
chlamydial conjunctivitis
what are the complications of chlamydial conjunctivitis
scarring of the eyelid
what is keratitis
inflammation of the cornea
who typically gets bacterial keratitis
someone with pre-existing eye condition eg contact lens wearers
what presents with a dendritic ulcer on fluoroscopy
herpetic keratitis
herpetic keratitis is treated with steroids true/false
false - can cause corneal melt and perforation
instead treat with acyclovir
acanthamoeba infection usually affects which type of person? what gets cultured
usually people who wear contact lenses in swimming pools - should culture contact lenses
how does periorbital cellulitis present
painful eye movement proptosis pyrexia previous sinusitis infection eye closed over and very swollen
what is the investigation for periorbital cellulitis
CT scan of head to look for orbital abscesses
what is the difference between preseptal and orbital cellulitis
preseptal cellulitis will not compress the optic nerve and therefore does not require surgery
what organisms typically cause periorbital cellulitis
staph strep haemophilus influenza coliforms anaerobes
what is endophthalmitis
infection of the vitreous and aqueous fluids
usually following ocular surgery
what usually causes endophthalmitis
usually conjunctival coliforms such as staph epidermidis
describe chorioretinitis and what organisms cause it
inflammation of the choroid
caused by CMV in immunocompromised
toxoplasma gondii
toxocara canis
what type of organism is toxoplasmosis gondii and where can it be picked up
protozoan infection
acquired from cats or undercooked mear
if sight threatening toxoplasmosis gondii requires what treatment
clindamycin/azithromycin with steroids
what type of infection is toxocara and where can it be picked up
parasitic infection - roundworm
affects cats and dogs
toxocara infection is usually self-limiting and requires no treatment true/false
true
what type of eye infections are swabbed for culture
bacterial, chlamydial and viral infections
what types of eye infections require corneal scrapes for diagnosis
bacterial keratitis
what types of eye infections require aqueous/vitreous humour for culture
endophthalmitis
what types of infection require serology for diagnosis
toxoplasma and toxocara
what is ofloxacin used in ophthalmic infection
gram negative organisms eg coliforms, H. influenzae and pseudomonas
what is the treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis
topical oxytetracycline
