Microbiology Flashcards
What are some examples of sterile sites in the body?
Ureter CSF Peritoneal/ pericardial/ pleural/ synovial fluid Bone marrow Blood
How do you differentiate between staph and strep (both G+ve cocci)?
Catalase test
Staph is catalase +ve
StrEp is catalase nEgative
Give 3 infections caused by staph aureus
Infective endocarditis Wound infections Abscesses Osteomyelitis Toxic shock syndrome Pneumonia Scalded skin syndrome Food poisoning - v short incubation period, 3 hrs
Where does staph aureus exist normally in the body?
Skin and nose
Give 2 features of staph epidermidis
Prosthesis infections
Forms biofilms
Give 2 features of staph saprophyticus
Urinary tract infections
Produces urease
Where is strep pneumoniae found?
What infection is it most associated with?
Throat and larynx
Community acquired pneumonia
Which patients might be predisposed to strep infections?
Bronchiectasis
Asplenia
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Hypogammaglobulinaemia
Where is strep viridans found?
What can it cause?
Found in mouth (IE dental risk in immunocompromised)
Causes deep organ abscesses (brain, liver)
Will grow on optician
What type of bacteria is Corneobacter Diptheriae?
G+ve bacilli
What type of bacteria is:
1) Neisseria meningitides
2) Listeria monocytogenes
3) Legionella pneumophilia
1) G-ve cocci
2) G+ve bacilli (causes meningitis in v young/old/immunosup)
3) G-ve bacillus
Give 2 examples of lactose fermenting G-ve bacilli
E coli
Klebsiella
Differentiate with CLED agar
Give 2 examples of non-lactose fermenting G-ve bacilli
Salmonella
Shigella
Differentiate on XLD agar - salmonella turns black, shigella stays red (has no H antigen)
Why do G-ve bacteria stain pink?
Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin)
Give 3 types of pathogenic E coli
Entero-haemorrhagic Urogenic (UPEC) E coli O157 ETEC (travellers diarrhoea) Enteroinvasive (bloody diarrhoea and dysentry)
