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Joshua's Path > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 important intrauterine infections

A

rubella
parvovirus b19
VZV
CMV

(herpes HIV HEPb)

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2
Q

what causes rubella

A

RNA virus with respiratory spread. togaviridae family

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3
Q

name 5 routes of CMV transmission

A

Saliva, blood, sexual, intrauterine, perinatal eg breastfeeding

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4
Q

Main problem assocaited with intrauterine CMV infection

A

Accounts for 20% of sensory- neural hearing loss

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5
Q

What viruses would you be suspecting in a child scan of foetal microcephaly

A

CMV and rubella, zika?

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6
Q

What is the treatment for a pregnant woman with chicken pox

A

aciyclovir

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7
Q

What mosquito transmits malaria

A

anopheles

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8
Q

what mosquito transmits dengue

A

aedes

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9
Q

How would HIV present in a returning traveller

A

pharyngitis, like mononucleosisby EBV or CMV

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10
Q

How does rickettsial disease present?

A

Fever, myalgia and headache and vasculitis as it invades the endothelial cells and may have an eschar from the bite

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11
Q

what organism causes rickettsial disease

A

tics, lice mites, scrub typhus causes chiggers

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12
Q

how do you treat rickettsia

A

doxy

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13
Q

how do you diagnose cysticercosis

A

see brain abcess with a fluid level, often walled off by bone. commonest cause of adult onset epilepsy.

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14
Q

how do you treat cysticercosis

A

cestocidal drugs and steroids (e.g praziquantel)

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15
Q

what is the largest risk factor for TB

A

HIV but most tb attributable to malnutrition

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16
Q

What causes african sleeping sickness

A

trypanasoma brucei (rhodesiense (east) and gambiense (west))

east - more severe and results in death
west indolent present late with psych conditions - posterior lymphadenopathy

present with chancre

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17
Q

how is trypanosoma transmitted

A

tsetse fly

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18
Q

how is leishmaniasis transmitted

A

sand flies

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19
Q

what causes american ‘sleeping sickness’

A

chagas disease or trypanosoma cruzi

20
Q

what organism causes thread worm

A

enterobius vermicularis

treatment = mebendazole

21
Q

ascending lymphangitis

A

sporotrichosis

22
Q

what causes sporotrichosis

A

sporothrix schenckii

23
Q

what 2 infections can be diagnosed with a urinary antigen test in CAP

A

legionella and strep. pneumoniae

24
Q

boat shaped organism

A

pneumocystis jirovici

25
Q

cold aglutinin test

A

mycoplasma pneumonia

atypical but common.
At risk of SJS(10% skin coverage or toxic epidermal necrolysis when over 30%) and AIHI
erythema multiforme
myalgia common

26
Q

Causes of erythema multiforme

A

Target lesions

HSV
Mycomplasma
Malignancy
others

27
Q

Causes of TEN/SJS

A

PCPC CANALSS

Phenytoin
carbamazepine
Peniciliin
cephalosporins
ciprofloxacin
Allopurinol
NSAIDS
ART
Lamotrigine
Sulphonamides
Sertraline
28
Q

what is herpangina

A

small vesicles in the roof of the mouth typically seen in hand foot and mouth - cocksackie A

29
Q

what is exanthem subitum

A

roseola infantum - hhv6

30
Q

causes of acute necrotising encephalitis

A

viruses and herpes in questions?

31
Q

What is hairy leukoplakia and what causes it?

A

white patches on the sides of the tongue, presenting on a corrugated tongue. (pale rigid lesions)
presents due to EBV in immunosuppressed individuals
can give aciclovir

32
Q

contraindications to the influenza virus:

A

egg allergy? query

33
Q

haemophiliacs and those in receipt of regular transfusions of blood should be offered which vaccine primarily

A

hep b

34
Q

common causes of PUO

A

infection 25%, neoplasms, connective tissue disease, others

35
Q

Common classical PUO causes

A

Abcess
Endocarditis
TB
complicated UTI

dont forget travel history.

36
Q

4 stages of syphilis infection

A

primary - chancre
secindary - macular papular rash and malaise, snail track oral ulcers
latent - no symptoms
tertiary - gumma - granulomas, cardiac aortitis, neurosyphilis - spirochaetes in csf.

37
Q

What causes visible genital warts

A

HPV 6/11 gardasil immunises against 6,11,16,18

podophylotoxin for home treatment
cryotherapy or imiquimod

38
Q

which vaccine is given to a child at birth if the mother is at risk of transmitting?

A

Hep B

39
Q

halo sign on x ray

A

fungal infections typically aspergillosis

40
Q

urinary NAAT

A

chlamydia

41
Q

wet slide prep

A

trichomoniasis - discharge only

flagilated protozoan t. vaginalis

42
Q

grey film over epiglottis? vaccine prevention

A

Diptheria? pseudomembrane over tonsils, huge neck?

43
Q

causes lumps on parotid and neck

A

mumps

44
Q

macular papular ash on face that can cause encephalitis and pneumonitis

A

measles

45
Q

lockjaw? vaccine prevention

A

tetanus?

Joshua's Path (9 decks)

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