Microbiology Flashcards
Thrush- easily scrapable, occurs in denture wears, diabetics, immunocompromised pts, and pts receiving sterouds, ABX, and chemo.
In an otherwise healthy person, oral thrush is suggestive of HIV
Gram negative sepsis is usally the result of the body rxn to LPS endotoxin
Signs of sepsis: hyper or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, and leukocytosis, metabolic lactic acidosis can occur due to poor tissue perfusion
Tx is focuses on maintaining BP and organ perfusion with IV fluids, ABX, and proper ventilation
A recent history of viral esophagitis and pneumocystis pneumonia is virtually diangostic of HIV infection. CNS infection in an HIV pt is likely to be caused by Cryptococcus neoforms
The tetanus vaccine is a toxoid (formaldehyde-inactivated tetanus toxin) that elicits humoral immunity
Thus, since the disease is toin mediated, the host response is mainly via Abs against bacterial products
HPV, a doule-stranded DNA virus, has a predisposition for stratified squamous epithelium, which is found in the anal canal, vagina, and cervix. In the respiratory tractm the TRUE VOCAL CORDS are the only area covered with stratified squamous epithelium.
Infants can acquire respiratory papillomatosis via passage through the birth canal of mothers infected with the virus. Warty growths on the true vocal cords can lead to weak cry, hoarseness, and stridor
Acute rheumatic fever- can present with pancarditis, which can cause nonspecific fever, fatigue, and anoerexia as well as altered vital signs (tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypotension)
Endocardial involvement resulting in valvular dysfunction (spefically acute mitral valve regurg) is possible and presents with a holosystolic murmur
The myocardial biopsy shows interstitial fibrosis with central lymphocytes (Aschoff body) and macrophages as well as scattered multinucleated giant cells
Anistschkow cells are also often present
Over subsequent years, Aschoff bodies are replaced by fibrous scar tissue, leading to mitral valve stenosis
Hypersensitivity myocarditis- autoimmune rxn to a drug is marked by eosinophil infiltrates
Legionella pneumonia findings:
Exposure to contaminated water: hospital, recent travel
Clinical findings: Fever 39C+, bradycardia, HA, confusion, and watery diarrhea
Lab findings: hyponatremia
Diagnosis: culture or urine antigen test
Cig smoking and chronic lung disease increase Legionella susceptibility
Salmonella typhi findings (look for a Hx of travel to an underdeveloped country; transmission fecal-oral)-
Week 1: Rising, fever, bactermia, relative bardycardia,
Week 2: Abdominal pain, rose spots on trunk and abdomen
Week 3: HSM, intestinal bleedin and bloody diarrhea
The K1 capsular antigen is present in 20-40% of intestinal E. coli isolates and is considered the major virulence factor among E. Coli strains that cause neonatal meningitis
Most envelopd nucleocapsid viruses acauire their lipid bilayer envelope by budding through the plasma membrane of the host cell. Exceptions include the herpesviruses, which bud through and acquire their envelope from the host cell nuclear membrane
