Microbiology Flashcards
Which bugs are lactose fermenters?
- Klebsiella
- Enterobacter
- Serratia
- E. coli
Which is motile? (Enterobacter/ Serratia/ Klebsiella)
Enterobacter and Serratia
which has a polysaccharides capsule? (Enterobacter/ Serratia/ Klebsiella/ E. coli)
Klebsiella and E. coli
Which causes pneumonia with ‘currant jelly sputum’? (Enterobacter/ Serratia/ Klebsiella/ E. coli)
Klebsiella
Which is catalase (+) ?
Enterobacter/ Serratia/ Klebsiella/ E. coli
E. coli are cat (+)
Enterobacter, Serratia, Klebsiella are cat (-)
Which has fimbrae to attach to uroepithelial cells to cause UTI?
(Enterobacter/ Serratia/ Klebsiella/ E. coli)
E. coli
The fimbrae used by E. coli to attach to uroepithelial cells is called virulence factor ___
Factor P, type 1
Which can cause hemorrhagic pneumonia in alcoholic men? (Enterobacter/ Serratia/ Klebsiella/ E. coli)
Klebsiella
3A’s: alcoholics, aspirations, abscesses
Which can cause endocarditis in heroin users? (Enterobacter/ Serratia/ Klebsiella/ E. coli)
Serratia
What bug is the most common cause of gram (-) sepsis?
E. coli
Which has K antigen on it’s capsule, seen in meningitis?
Enterobacter/ Serratia/ Klebsiella/ E. coli
E. coli
which causes hemolytic uremic syndrome?
Enterobacter/ Serratia/ Klebsiella/ E. coli
E. coli O157:H7
Which has ‘swarming motility’ when plated? (Proteus/Providencia/Morganella)
Proteus
Proteus/Providencia/Morganella cause UTI’s with struvite stones using their _______ virulence factor
urease, creates alkaline environment
Which is gram (+) (enterobacter/ enterococcus)
Enterococcus is (+) Enterobacter is (-)
What type of cell is most responsible for acute graft rejection?
CD 8+ T-cells against donor MHC
What is the mechanism for hyperacute transplant rejection e.g. missmatched blood transfusion
Pre-existing antibodies, a type II HSR
What type of cell is most responsible for chronic transplant rejection?
CD 4+ T cells responding to APC that have collected donor antigen
To avoid transplant rejection drugs daclizumab and basiliximab target the _________ receptor on activated T cells
IL-2 receptor
Belatacept prevents transplant rejection by blocks co-stimulation of T-cells by binding ________
B7
FK506 and cyclosporine inhibit T-cell signaling pathways, prevent IL-2 secretion by inhibiting __________
Calcineurin, a t cell activator
Under what circumstances would a bone marrow transplant resulting in GVHD be a good thing?
Leukemia, graft-vs-host disease would help kill the residual tumor
When pre-formed antibodies react with transplanted tissue it is (acute/ hyper-acute/ chronic) rejection
hyper-acute
What is an ‘alloantibody’?
An antibody directed against transplanted tissue
How does Azathioprine, the mycophenolic acid derivative prevent transplant rejection?
It is cytotoxic to rapidly proliferating (B and T) cells
What classes of drugs are used for the induction of immunosuppression during transplantation?
- Anti-lymphocytic globulins
2. Monoclonal antibodies (to CD 52, or IL-2)
What 3 classes of drugs are used for maintenance of immune suppression for a transplant recipient?
- corticosteriods, e.g. prednisone
- Cytotoxic drugs, mycophenolic acid derivatives
- calcinurin inhibitors, FK 506 and cyclosporine
