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ESUN MS2Unit4 > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 fungus that resemble TB?

A

Coccidioides/histoplasma/blastomyces

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2
Q

What are the sizes of histo/blasto/cocci/paracocci comparing with RBCs?

A

HistoRBC

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3
Q

What forms of coccidioides are inhaled and cause problems?

A

Arthrospores

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4
Q

Do endospores released from coccidioides in the lunge contagious?

A

No

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5
Q

Erythema nodosum is caused by the fugues or the immune system? and it is seen in healthy or immunocompromised pts?

A

Immune system/healthy

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6
Q

What is coccidioides’ racial preference?

A

Black and filipino

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7
Q

Conazole is contraindicated in what population?

A

Pregos

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8
Q

Which form of histoplasma is infectious, macro or microconidia?

A

Microconidia

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9
Q

How does histoplasma survive lysosomla fusion?

A

Produces bicarb and raise pH—>inactivate hydrolytic enzyme

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10
Q

What is the classic signs of histoplasma dissemination?

A

Ulcerated lesion on tongue/pancytopenia

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11
Q

What drug do you used to treat fungal meningitis?

A

Fluconazole

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12
Q

What kind of plate should you culture fungus on?

A

Sabouraud’s agar

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13
Q

What is the infectious form of blastomyces?

A

Conidia

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14
Q

___ form of blastomyce is resistant to endo and exocytosis

A

Yest

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15
Q

Difference in clinical presentation of histo and blasto?

A

Blasto has skin lesions

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16
Q

What is the yest form of paracocci look like?

A

Multiple buds (captain’s wheel)

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17
Q

The most important predispostion for opportunistic fungal infection is?

A

Prolonged neutropenia

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18
Q

Is cryptococcus dimorphic?

A

No

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19
Q

2 ways for cryptococcus to infect

A

Inside macrophages or extracellularly

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20
Q

Cryptococcal meningitis comes with?

A

Skin nodules

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21
Q

Cryptococcus raises a strong or weak immune response?

A

Weak

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22
Q

Wide capsule in India Ink, think?

A

Cryptococcus

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23
Q

What should be examined weekly with the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis?

A

CSF

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24
Q

Is aspergillus catalase + or -?

A

+

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25
Q

Which form does aspergillus/mucor has?

A

Mold form only (no dimorphic)

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26
Q

Infectious conidia of aspergillus is transmitted through?

A

Airborne

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27
Q

Aspergilloma needs ___ to colonize the lungs?

A

Previous cavitary lesion left by TB/mycosis/CF

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28
Q

What is the only way to catch CNPA (chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis)?

A

Biopsy fluid in the lung

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29
Q

Seen CT halo sign with systemic infection, which fungus might be responsible?

A

Aspergillus

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30
Q

Which syndrome associated with aspergillus can you give oral corticosteroid?

A

ABPA

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31
Q

Is mucor usually associated with AIDs?

A

No

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32
Q

Fusarium solani shapes like?

A

Bananas

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33
Q

What is alimentary toxic aleukia?

A

Mycotoxicity from fusarium—>widespread bleeding/sepsis

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34
Q

Where does local infection of fusarium infect?

A

Skin (burn)/cornea/sinusitis/catheters

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35
Q

Which form does fusarium has?

A

Both yeast and mold form

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36
Q

What are the 3 presentation of fusarium?

A

Mycotoxicity/local infection/disseminated infection

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37
Q

High risk pt for fusarium should be kept in + or - pressure room?

A

+ (- is for TB pts)

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38
Q

Which 2 fungus has most antifungal resistance?

A

Candidas and fusarium

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39
Q

What color is the acid fast stain of M. tuberculosis?

A

Fuschsin color (rosy red)

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40
Q

Where does TB stay latent or spread to other parts of the body?

A

Inside naive macrophages

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41
Q

What cell activates infected naive macrophages and kill the intracellular TB?

A

Helper T cell

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42
Q

How does granuloma of TB formed?

A

CD8 cells lyse activated macrophages that can not clear its intracellular TB

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43
Q

Which cytokine is responsible for keeping TB in latency?

A

TNF alpha

44
Q

What is Ghon complex?

A

Primary infection—>exudative lesions with hilar LAD—>TB is actively spreading—>going into the blood stream

45
Q

How does infectious sputum of TB produced?

A

Made in the infected lungs—>swallow into the GI—>infect GI

46
Q

What 2 kinds of TB presentation can be lethal to very young or old or severely immunocompromised pts? what will happen to immunocompetent pts?

A

Miliary TB and TB meningitis after TB spread into the blood streams/TB granuloma formation—->eventually become calcified

47
Q

What are some common reactivation sites of TB?

A

Scrofula (Peds: caused by M. scrofulaceum)
kidney (causes infertility and GU problems with females)
GI
Pott’s disease/lungs

48
Q

Major risk factors for TB?

A

Crowded environment/HIV or just immunocompromised/age

49
Q

Can cavitary lesions form in TB infection of the lungs?

A

Yes

50
Q

Tuberculoma indicate primary or older infection of TB?

A

Older infection

51
Q

What is sterile pyuria and what does it indicate?

A

Culture for UTI got nothing/TB reactivation in kidney

52
Q

What does miliary TB presents on physical exam?

A

papular necrotic skin lesions that can also be seen on the retina

53
Q

Sputum culture is obtain via ___ for children under 6

A

Gastric aspirates

54
Q

Is it possible for children to develop serious disease before PPD test turn +?

A

Yes (delayed immune response)

55
Q

What test to use if you want to be specific about TB and not get false positive from vaccine?

A

IFN gamma release assay

56
Q

Do all the other mycobacteria other than TB also stain acid fast? and do they also have cord factors?

A

Yes/No

57
Q

What are M. kansaii and M. marinum?

A

Photochromogens (make pigments in light)
Kansaii—>resemble TB
Marinum—>in fresh and salt water (aquarium worker)—>cause ulcerating lesions

58
Q

What is M. scrofulaceum?

A

Scotochromogens (make pigments in dark)

Causes scrofula in children—>reservoir in water

59
Q

What is the most important factor for atypical mycobacteria infections?

A

HIV/immunocompromised

60
Q

What are M. avium/intracellulare?

A

Infect severely immunocompromised pts—>causes TB like symptoms

61
Q

What are the 3 atypical rapidly growing mycobaceria

A

M. fortuitum
M. abscessus
M. smegmatis

62
Q

Can you culture M. leprae?

A

Nah

63
Q

All the symptoms in tuberculoid leprosy is caused by CMI or bacteria?

A

CMI

64
Q

Will lepromatous leprosy pt has a positive lepromatin PPD test?

A

No it will be negative (fail to raise strong CMI)

65
Q

Do P. aeruginosa ferment for energy?

A

No, they use electron transport chain

66
Q

Can you kill P. aeruginosa with detergents and disinfectants?

A

No, they be resisting, to antibiotics as well

67
Q

What are pyocyanin and glycocalyx of P. aeruginosa?

A

Pyocyanin—>interfere with terminal e- transport
Glycoalyx—>antiphagocytic
They are virulence factors

68
Q

What is the virulence factor responsible for the antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa?

A

Efflux pump

69
Q

Why do we need to do both aerobic and anaerobic culture for P. aeruginosa?

A

To distinguish aeruginosa from other facultative aerobic

70
Q

What is B. cepacia comparing with P. aeruginosa?

A

Less pathogenic—>not be able to infect healthy ppl (CF pneumonia—>cepacia syndrome)

71
Q

Is B. cepacia has antibiotic resistance?

A

Yes, very

72
Q

How does B. pesudomallei resemble TB?

A

Reactivation form lung abscess—>resemble TB

73
Q

Which 2 zoonosis bacteria that causes pneumonia?

A

B. pseudomallei/B. mallei

74
Q

Pts get C. psittaci from ___?

A

Birds, sick birds

75
Q

The form of legionella is motile or non motile in human?

A

Nonmotile

76
Q

Legionella prevent __ fuse with __ to survive in macrophages

A

Phagosome fuse with lysosome

77
Q

How dose legionella survive in the environment?

A

Balance with amoeba in water source—>infect amoeba—>replicate—>lyse—>come out—>infect more

78
Q

Main way of contracting legionella? and is it contagious?

A

Drink contaminated water and went into the wrong pipe/no

79
Q

What is the common setting for legionella outbreak?

A

A lot of ppl get together (convention) at a old building with old pipe

80
Q

What is the process of urine antigen test for legionella?

A

Coat petri dish with legionella antibodies—>pour in the urine (legionella bind to antibody)—>wash it off—>tag it with secondary antibody

81
Q

Which strain of legionella is tested using urine antigen test? how to test the other strains?

A

LP1/use culture

82
Q

How does C. burnetii travels to lungs/liver?

A

In macrophages

83
Q

What virulence factor of C. burnetii cause it to survive in macrophages?

A

Acid phosphatase

84
Q

Is there a vaccine for C. burnetii?

A

Yes

85
Q

How does Mycoplasma pneumoniae transmitted?

A

Droplets

86
Q

What virulence factor is responsible for frozen ciliary in the lung of mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

CARDS exotoxins

87
Q

Anemia from mycoplasma pneumoniae pt is from?

A

cold agglutinins

88
Q

How are viral respiratory infection transmitted?

A

fomites or aerosol

89
Q

What is 1 example of persistent viral respiratory infection?

A

Adenovirus

90
Q

What is 1 example of systemic viral respiratory infection?

A

Paramyxovirus (measles and mumps)

91
Q

What 2 epidemic syndrome does coronavirus causes?

A

SARS/MERS

92
Q

What is orthomyxovirus?

A

Influenzavirus

93
Q

What is the difference in genome structure between orthomyxo and paramyxovirus?

A

orthomyxo has segmented ssRNA

94
Q

Where do orthomyxovirus replicate?

A

Nucleus

95
Q

How does influenza virus cause disease?

A

Aerosol inoculation—>replication in respiratory tract—>release interferons alpha and beta/kill epithelial cells—>sore throat (IL 2 release produces fever)—>influenza syndrome

96
Q

What are the 2 viruses that cause croup?

A

Parainfluenza/RSV

97
Q

See polyribosyl ribitol phosphate, think?

A

H. influenza

98
Q

Can uncapsulated strains of H influenza pathogenic?

A

Yes

99
Q

Does the vaccination against H. influenza prevent the bacteria from colonizing the respiratory mucosa?

A

No, the blood will kill it when it gets into the blood

100
Q

Would H. influenza survivor get some immune response for the bacteria?

A

Yes

101
Q

When is the complication of uncapsulated H. influenza occur?

A

During childbirth—>pneumonia and meningitis

102
Q

What’s the population that are usually the target for B pertussis?

A

Infant under 2

103
Q

Is B. pertussis pt febrile or afebrile?

A

Afebrile

104
Q

What are the 3 stages of B. pertussis?

A

Stage 1: catarrhal—>nonspecific upper respiratory symptoms (very contagious)
Stage 2: paroxysmal—>whooping cough/lots of mucus/infant turn blue
Stage 3: convalescence—>fatigue/chronic cough

105
Q

Can adult get B. pertussis?

A

Yes, 100 day cough

106
Q

How often do you need a booster for B. pertussis vaccine?

A

10 years

ESUN MS2Unit4 (5 decks)

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