microbiology

Question 1

what are some labels of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 1

glycocalyx
flagella
fimbriae
pili
mesosome
granule

Question 2

what are the classification shapes of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

1. coccus, round
2. bacillus, tube
3. spirillum, wave

Question 3

how are the walls of bacterium classified?

Answer 3

1. gram-positive:
   - many layers of peptidoglycan that retain the crystal of violet dye
   - gives the cell a purple colour under the microscope
2. gram-negative:
   - cell wall is thin, the inside is made of peptidoglycan, the outer membrane is composed of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides
   - cell wall does not retain the crystal of violet dye when stained and instead appears pink under the microscope

Question 4

what are the metabolic functions?

Answer 4

1. obligate aerobes, requiring oxygen for metabolism
2. facultative anaerobes, can respire anaerobically if they need to
3. obligate anaerobes, can only survive in the absence of oxygen

Question 5

what is culturing microorganisms?

Answer 5

• growing microorganisms in a laboratory
• suitable temperature, pH and oxygen levels are necessary for growth