ATP

Question 1

what are the 3 stages of the flow of energy through living systems?

Answer 1

1. sun’s light energy to chemical energy by plants in photosynthesis into products, e.g. glucose
2. chemical energy from photosynthesis during respiration into ATP
3. the use of ATP in cells to preform work, e.g. active transport

Question 2

define heterotrophic and autotrophic

Answer 2

heterotrophic organisms need a ready made supply of carbon, e.g. mammals
autotrophic organisms can use inorganic sources of carbon in the form of inorganic sources, e.g. plants

Question 3

what are the labels of an ATP molecule?

Answer 3

three phosphate groups
one ribose sugar
one nitrogen base

Question 4

why is ATP the best energy currency?

Answer 4

it is inert
can pass out the mitochondria
releases energy efficiently and in small usable quantities
is easily hydrolysed
is readily reformed by phosphorylation

Question 5

why is ATP sometimes called the universal energy current?

Answer 5

used by all organisms/species to provide energy/fuel for most reactions

Question 6

what are the labels on a chloroplast diagram?

Answer 6

double membrane
thylakoid
granum (stack of thylakoid)
thylakoid/granum/stroma lamella
stromas (matrix)
starch

Question 7

what are the labels on a mitochondria diagram?

Answer 7

outer and inner membrane
intermembrane space
loop of DNA
stalked particle
matrix
cristae
ribosome

Question 8

where is ATP made in the mitochondria and the chloroplast?

Answer 8

mitochondria - in the inner mitochondrial membrane
chloroplast - on the thylakoid membrane
both have large surface areas and ATP synthase/synthetase