Microbiology Flashcards
In the gram strain alcohol/acetone
Solubilises lipids in the bacteria cell envelope
In Bacteria DNA, which of the following is not nucleotide base ?
Taurine
The Mitochondria of eukaryotic cells serve the same function as which prokaryotic organelle
The cytoplasmic membrane
Upon Gram staining chains of spherical cells are called
streptococci
What is the purpose of bacterial spores
Allow the bacterium to survive extended periods of heat dryness
Extended administration of antibiotics as growth promoters in intensive animal framing can result in
Enhanced production of antibiotic resistant bacteria
Which of the following is a key role of microorganisms in the carbon cycle
Contribution to photosynthetic oxygen production
What is the significance of Prochlorococcus in the environment
It produces 20% of the plants photosynthetic oxygen
What is the primary role of Nitrogenase in nitrogen fixation
Reducing nitrogen gas to ammonium
Which microorganism is an example of symbiotic nitrogen fixation
Rhizobium
What is the characteristic feature of heterocysts in cyanobacteria ?
specialization for nitrogen fixation
What is the result of denitrification in waterlogged fields
Loss of unstable nitrogen as nitrogen gas
What role does Leghemoglobin play in nitrogen- fixing root nodules
inhibits the uptake of excessive oxygen
what happens during nitrification
ammonium is oxidized to nitrate
which process is performed by Brocadia during ammonium oxidation ( Anammox)
Combination of nitrate and ammonia to form nitrogen gas
Which is a potential problem caused by excessive nitrate in water systems ?
Algae blooms due to nutrient enrichment
Which of the following microoganism accounts for the largest percentage of photosynthetic oxygen production ?
Prochlorococcus
What allowed DNA to become stable and efficient for energy production
Oxygen- based metabolism
what Layer protects DNA from UV radiation
Ozone layer
what is the usable nitrogen form from produced by nitrogen fixation
NH3
which enzyme is responsible for fixing atmospheric nitrogen
Nitrogenase
which nitrogen fixing microorganism is free- living and aerobic
Azotobacter
what protein helps control oxygen level is root nodules
leghemoglobin
what process returns nitrogen to the atmosphere
Denitrification
Ammonification is the process by which
organic nitrogen is converted to NH4+
Which bacteria oxidize ammonia to nitrite during nitrification
Nitrosomonas
where does nitrification occur more effectively
Well-drained soils and neutral Ph
Susceptibility
Lack of resistance to a disease
Immunity
Ability to ward off disease
Innate immunity
defenses against any pathogens
Adaptive Immunity
Immunity resistance to a specific pathogen
