Microbiology

Question 1

In the gram strain alcohol/acetone

Answer 1

Solubilises lipids in the bacteria cell envelope

Question 2

In Bacteria DNA, which of the following is not nucleotide base ?

Answer 2

Taurine

Question 3

The Mitochondria of eukaryotic cells serve the same function as which prokaryotic organelle

Answer 3

The cytoplasmic membrane

Question 4

Upon Gram staining chains of spherical cells are called

Answer 4

streptococci

Question 5

What is the purpose of bacterial spores

Answer 5

Allow the bacterium to survive extended periods of heat dryness

Question 6

Extended administration of antibiotics as growth promoters in intensive animal framing can result in

Answer 6

Enhanced production of antibiotic resistant bacteria

Question 7

Which of the following is a key role of microorganisms in the carbon cycle

Answer 7

Contribution to photosynthetic oxygen production

Question 8

What is the significance of Prochlorococcus in the environment

Answer 8

It produces 20% of the plants photosynthetic oxygen

Question 9

What is the primary role of Nitrogenase in nitrogen fixation

Answer 9

Reducing nitrogen gas to ammonium

Question 10

Which microorganism is an example of symbiotic nitrogen fixation

Answer 10

Rhizobium

Question 11

What is the characteristic feature of heterocysts in cyanobacteria ?

Answer 11

specialization for nitrogen fixation

Question 12

What is the result of denitrification in waterlogged fields

Answer 12

Loss of unstable nitrogen as nitrogen gas

Question 13

What role does Leghemoglobin play in nitrogen- fixing root nodules

Answer 13

inhibits the uptake of excessive oxygen

Question 14

what happens during nitrification

Answer 14

ammonium is oxidized to nitrate

Question 15

which process is performed by Brocadia during ammonium oxidation ( Anammox)

Answer 15

Combination of nitrate and ammonia to form nitrogen gas

Question 16

Which is a potential problem caused by excessive nitrate in water systems ?

Answer 16

Algae blooms due to nutrient enrichment

Question 17

Which of the following microoganism accounts for the largest percentage of photosynthetic oxygen production ?

Answer 17

Prochlorococcus

Question 18

What allowed DNA to become stable and efficient for energy production

Answer 18

Oxygen- based metabolism

Question 19

what Layer protects DNA from UV radiation

Answer 19

Ozone layer

Question 20

what is the usable nitrogen form from produced by nitrogen fixation

Answer 20

NH3

Question 21

which enzyme is responsible for fixing atmospheric nitrogen

Answer 21

Nitrogenase

Question 22

which nitrogen fixing microorganism is free- living and aerobic

Answer 22

Azotobacter

Question 23

what protein helps control oxygen level is root nodules

Answer 23

leghemoglobin

Question 24

what process returns nitrogen to the atmosphere

Answer 24

Denitrification

Question 25

Ammonification is the process by which

Answer 25

organic nitrogen is converted to NH4+

Question 26

Which bacteria oxidize ammonia to nitrite during nitrification

Answer 26

Nitrosomonas

Question 27

where does nitrification occur more effectively

Answer 27

Well-drained soils and neutral Ph

Question 28

Susceptibility

Answer 28

Lack of resistance to a disease

Question 30

Immunity

Answer 30

Ability to ward off disease

Question 31

Innate immunity

Answer 31

defenses against any pathogens

Question 32

Adaptive Immunity

Answer 32

Immunity resistance to a specific pathogen