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Surgical Tech/ Study For Exam > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

English surgeon who established 1st principles of aseptic technique is:

A

Lister

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2
Q

Passage of fluid through a cell membrane

A

Osmosis

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3
Q

Oxygen-dependent bacteria are said to be:

A

Aerobic

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4
Q

The destruction of bacteria by white cells during the inflammatory process is called

A

Phagocytosis

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5
Q

Bacteriostatic means:

A

Inhibit growth of microorganism

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6
Q

Staphylococcus aureus would most likely be transmitted by:

A

Nose & mouth

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7
Q

Microbial death occurs when an organism is:

A

No longer capable of reproduction

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8
Q

What immune protection is available to the fetus?

A

Natural passive

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9
Q

The clinical syndrome characterized by microbial invasion of the bloodstream is:

A

Septicemia

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10
Q

The body’s 1st line of defense against the invasion of pathogens is:

A

Skin & mucous membrane linings

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11
Q

Rod-like shaped bacteria are identified microscopically as:

A

Bacilli

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12
Q

Herpes simplex is commonly called:

A

Cold sore

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13
Q

All of the following descriptors refer to the inflammatory process:

A

Heat
Pain
Edema

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14
Q

Clostridium tetani causes:

A

Lockjaw

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15
Q

A laboratory procedure useful in classifying bacteria using a staining procedure is:

A

Gram stain

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16
Q

A fulminating infection arising from necrotic tissue & spreading rapidly is:

A

Gas gangrene

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17
Q

A severe allergic reaction possibly resulting in death is called:

A

Anaphylactic shock

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18
Q

What organism is responsible for a boil?

A

S. aureus

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19
Q

The organism most frequently found in burns is:

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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20
Q

Which type of wound would favor the development of a gas gangrene?

A

Ischemic & Necrotic

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21
Q

Gas gangrene is caused by:

A

C. perfringens

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22
Q

The bacteria that are highly resistant to sterilization & disinfection are:

A

Spores

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23
Q

The bacteria found in the intestinal tract are:

A

E. Coli

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24
Q

The space caused by separation of wound edges is called:

A

Dead space

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25
Q

Which body fluid is least likely to transmit HIV?

A

Saliva

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26
Q

Which bacteria are the common cause for postoperative wound infections?

A

S. aureus

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27
Q

Hospital-acquired infections are known as:

A

Nosocomial

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28
Q

Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a strain of S. aureus that is resistant to most antibiotics. What is the only drug of choice to treat MRSA at this time?

A

Vancomycin

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29
Q

E. Coli is part of the normal flora of the ______ of humans.

A

Intestinal tract

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30
Q

The type of immunity that is acquired by a vaccination is:

A

Artificial Active Acquired Immunity

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31
Q

What gram stain turns red at the end of the staining procedure?

A

Gram negative

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32
Q

What living cells are more complex, have nuclei, & include Protozoa, fungi, & green, red, & brown algae?

A

Eukaryotic

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33
Q

Universal precautions is a previously used term. The term used now is:

A

Standard precautions

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34
Q

Asepsis means:

A

Absence of microbes

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35
Q

Microbes that reside on the skin & are easily removed:

A

Transient

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36
Q

All factors increase the surgical patient’s risk for infection:

A

Location of surgery
Health of patient
Length of procedure

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37
Q

What is responsible for bacterial motility?

A

Flagella

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38
Q

Rickettsiae are transmitted by:

A

arthropod bites

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39
Q

When there is a relationship between 2 organisms that occupy the same space but 1 organism benefits & the other does not but is unharmed, it is termed:

A

Commensalism

40
Q

The basic structural & functional living unit of the body is known as:

A

Cell

41
Q

The biological indicator for ETO is:

A

Bacillus subtilis & Bacillus atrophhaeus

42
Q

Inflammation in which gland may be used to diagnose the disease mumps?

A

Parotid

43
Q

What is the term for the division of a reproductive cell into 2 cells w/ chromosome cells?

A

Mitosis

44
Q

An inanimate object that contains microorganisms is termed:

A

Fomite

45
Q

Which of the following caused the disease mad cow?

A

Prion

46
Q

When there is a continued presence of an infection, it is termed:

A

Chronic

47
Q

The definition of a pandemic is:

A

Disease that has spread throughout the world

48
Q

Low level disinfectants kill most microbes, but do not destroy:

A

Spores

49
Q

Which organism is a normal resident flora of the intestinal tract?

A

Escherichia coli
(E. coli)

50
Q

Which laboratory test determines bacterial identification?

A

Gram stain

51
Q

Which microbes live without oxygen?

A

Anaerobes

52
Q

Which organelle is responsible for the production of energy?

A

Mitochondria

53
Q

Which organism causes gangrene?

A

Clostridium perfeingens

54
Q

Which bacteria could be found in a penetrating wound caused by a rusty nail?

A

Clostridium tetani

55
Q

What is the term for thread-like appendages that provide bacteria w/motion?

A

Flagella

56
Q

The most reliable method for determining the efficiency of moist heat sterilizers is the controlled use of biological indicators containing the organism:

A

Bacillus stearothermophilus

57
Q

The pathogen that most often causes postoperative surgical site infections is:

A

Staphylococcus aureus

58
Q

Pain, heat, redness & swelling indicate which of the following conditions?

A

Inflammation

59
Q

Testosterone is secreted by:

A

Leydig cells

60
Q

Which of the following microorganisms is used within the biological indicator for ethylene oxide sterilization?

A

Bacillus atrophaeus

61
Q

Spores are a:

A

Form assumed by bacilli

62
Q

Most abundant ion in the body:

A

Calcium

63
Q

Confining & containing instruments w/bioburden prevents which of the following?

A

Cross-contamination

64
Q

Substance that inhibits the growth & reproduction of microbes on living tissue is:

A

Antiseptic

65
Q

The most abundant extracellular ion necessary for the transmission of impulses is:

A

Sodium

66
Q

Which heat-resistant, spore forming Bacillus does the steam sterilization biological indicator contain?

A

G. stearothermophilus

67
Q

What is the term for the division of a reproductive cell into two cells w/chromosome cells?

A

Meiosis

68
Q

Isopropyl alcohol is a bactericidal, which means it:

A

Kills bacteria

69
Q

What term describes an individual who harbors a pathogen but displays no signs or symptoms of?

A

Carrier

70
Q

Ethylene oxide sterilization destroys microbes by the process of:

A

Alkylation

71
Q

What is the smallest microorganism that requires a host cell for replication?

A

Virus

72
Q

What does the term symbiosis mean?

A

Relationship between unlike species of organisms

73
Q

Microorganisms are MOST likely to be associated with wound infections?

A

Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, & Clostridium perfringens

74
Q

Liquid agents used to reduce microorganisms on the patient’s skin are:

A

Antiseptics

75
Q

An inanimate object upon which pathogens may be conveyed is referred to as a:

A

Fomite

76
Q

Diatrizoate megulmine (Hypaque or Renografin) or lothalamute meglumine (Conray) are examples of:

A

Contrast media

77
Q

Which of the following is an action of antimicrobials?

A

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

78
Q

Which of the following describes spherically shaped bacteria?

A

Cocci

79
Q

E. coli is normally present inside which anatomical structures?

A

Colon

80
Q

Tetanus & botulism are caused by organisms of the genus:

A

Clostridium

81
Q

Following administration, most drugs are converted to less active or inactive substance called:

A

Metabolites

82
Q

A relationship between two kinds of organisms that live together for mutual benefit:

A

Mutualism

83
Q

In which of the following does destruction of spores occur?

A

Sterilization

84
Q

Process by which leukocytes engulf and destroy bacteria is called:

A

Phagocytosis

85
Q

A thick walled, highly resistant body formed within a bacterial cell is:

A

Spore

86
Q

A microscopic blood exam that estimates the percentages of each type of white cell within a sample is called:

A

Differential blood count

87
Q

Finger-like projections on the end of the fallopian tubes are:

A

Fimbriae

88
Q

Agar is:

A

Agent used to solidify growth media in the microbiology laboratory

89
Q

Gram stain differentiates between:

A

Bacteria

90
Q

The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the blood or tissue is called:

A

Sepsis

91
Q

Microorganisms that grow best with a low level of oxygen supply are:

A

Microaerophiles

92
Q

Staphylococcus is the arrangement of:

A

Cocci in cluster

93
Q

Staphylococcus is the arrangement of:

A

Cocci in cluster

94
Q

Viruses reproduce by:

A

Host cell metabolism

95
Q

Microorganisms that have the ability to adapt to an aerobic or anaerobic environment are:

A

Facultative

Surgical Tech/ Study For Exam (5 decks)

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