Basic Science: General Surgery Flashcards
Which portion of the stomach surrounds the lower esophageal sphincter?
Cardia
Low level disinfectants kill most microbes, but do not destroy:
Spores
Syndactyly refers to:
Webbed fingers
The surgical pack utilized to create the sterile field should be opened on the:
Backtable
The islets of Langerhans secrete:
Insulin
What type of procedure would involve the removal of teeth?
Extractions
Which organism is a normal resident flora of the intestinal tract?
Escherichia coli
Where should the first scrub surgical technologist stand when handing towels to the surgeon to square off an incision site?
Same side as surgeon
A properly performed surgical scrub renders the skin:
Surgically clean
Through which of the following do the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct empty?
Ampulla of Vater
Which of the following identifiers must be verified by the patient or their ID bracelet prior to transporting a patient to the OR?
Name, date of birh, physician
What are spiral-shaped bacteria called?
Spirilli
The primary function or the gallbladder is to:
Store bile
Which of the following is an non-sterile member of the surgical team?
Circulator
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using surface-mounted sliding doors for access to the operating room?
Aid in controlling temperature
What are the three factors for reducing ionizing radiation exposure?
Time, shielding, distance
Which is the first part of the small intestine?
Duodenum
What is the surgical position frequently used for patients undergoing kidney surgery?
Lateral
How are rickettsiae transmitted?
Arthropod bites
Which of the following is an examination of the cervix using a binocular microscope?
Colposcopy
Laparoscopy
Urethroscopy
Hystercscopy
Colposcopy
Compression of the heart from excessive fluid or blood buildup is called:
Tamponade
Pericarditis
Infarction
Cardiomyopathy
Tamponade
Which anatomical structure functions as a conduit for both food & liquids to the digestive system & air to the respiratory system?
-Pharynx
-Trachea
-Larynx
-Epiglottis
Pharynx
What are potential complications of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
-Dysphagia
-Aspration
-Barrett’s esophagus
-All of the Above
All of the above:
Dysphagia, Aspiration, Barrett’s esophagus
The head of the pancreas is located:
-by spleen
-in the curve of the duodenum
-in the curve of the descending colon
-on the undersurface of the liver
In the curve of the duodenum
The order of abdominal wall layers from superficial to deep:
1. Fascia 2. Skin 3. Peritoneum
4. Subcutaneous tissue 5. Muscle
2, 4, 1, 5, 3
Skin, subcu. tissue, fascia, muscle, peritoneum
Which specific procedure involves removing part of the stomach & directly connecting the remaining portion to the jejunum?
-Billroth I
-Billroth II
-Jejunectomy
-Pyloroplasty
Billroth II
Which part of the stomach leads into the duodenum?
-pylorus
-cardia
-body
-fundus
pylorus
Which organ is classified as retroperitoneal?
-kidney
-sigmoid colon
-liver
-spleen
Kidney
-located behind the peritoneum, is shielded by this membrane only on the front, aligning with retroperitoneal classification
Which type of hernia enters the inguinal canal but does not involve the spermatic cord?
-Indirect -Incisional -Direct -Femoral
Direct
Which of the following is the 1st portion of the large intestine?
-cecum -ileum -colon -sigmoid
Cecum
Hernia with abdominal contents that are trapped & can’t be manually reduced?
-sliding hernia
-spigelian hernia
-incarcerated hernia
-strangulated hernia
Incarcerated hernia
Hernia that occurs within Hesselbach’s triangle?
-Indirect
-Spigelian
-femoral
-direct
Direct
Incorrect about liver:
-It’s divided into right & left lobes by falciform ligament
-majority of it is located in the left upper quadrant of abdomen
-Is encased by Glisson’s capsule, a protective layer
-Produces bile, which is essential for digestion
Majority of it is located in the left upper quadrant of abdomen
Acts as a valve to prevent food from moving back into the stomach from the duodenum?
-cardiac sphincter
-ileocecal sphincter
-sphincter of Oddi
-pyloric sphincter
Pyloric sphincter
What structures are removed during a Whipple procedure?
-pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, stomach, common bile duct
-head of pancreas, duodenum, portion of jejunum, gallbladder, distal stomach, cystic duct, distal portion of common bile duct
-head of pancreas, portion of liver, gallbladder, common bile duct
-duodenum, jejunum, distal stomach, gallbladder
Head of pancreas, duodenum, portion of jejunum, gallbladder, distal stomach, cystic duct, portion of common bile duct
BMI value is the threshold for defining morbid obesity?
30, 10, 40, 25
40
Meckel’s diverticulum is a congenital anomaly found in which section of the small intestine?
-jejunum -pylorus -distal ileum
-duodenum
Distal ileum
Large intestine from beginning to end: 1. rectum 2. transverse colon
3. ascending colon 4. sigmoid
5. descending colon
3, 2, 5, 4, 1
ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum
Hernia located between the abdominal muscle layers, is known for being hard to diagnose?
-Richter
-Spigelian
-Umbilical
-Maydl
Sigelian
Total number of segments in the liver?
-1
-2
-4
-8
8
abdominal muscle starts at the pubic bone and attaches to the ribs?
-external oblique
-rectus abdominis
-transverse abdominis
-internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
Laparoscopic bariatric surgery involves removing part of the stomach and attaching it to the duodenum?
Gastric bypass
Sengstaken-Blakemore tube is primarily utilized to manage which condition?
-nasal hemorrhage
-tonsillar hemorrhage
-uterine hemorrhage
-esophageal hemorrhage
Esophageal hemorrhage
-using double balloon tamponade to control bleeding
Which of the following conditions are known to cause portal hypertension in patients?
-blockage of the portal vein
-hepatitis
-cirrhosis of the liver
-all of the above
all of the above
Which 2 parts of the digestive system are connected after resection in a Billroth I?
-stomach & duodenum
-stomach & colon
-stomach & distal esophagus
-stomach & jejunum
Stomach & duodenum
The ligament of Treitz is responsible for supporting which parts of small intestine?
-ascending colon & transvers
-duodenum & jejunum
-splenic flexure & hepatic flexure
-transverse colon & descending
duodenum & jejunum
Part of the digestive system responsible for reabsorbing water & electrolytes?
-small intestine
-large intestine
-liver
-sigmoid colon
large intestine
Which hernia includes a Meckel’s diverticulum?
-spigelian -Richter
-Littre -Maydi
Littre
(can lead to obstruction or strangulation)
Serves as the fibrous covering of the liver?
-medulla oblongata
-sella turcica
-galea aponeurotica
-Glisson’s capsule
Glisson’s capsule
(the liver’s fibrous sheath, safeguards hepatic cells)
Palliative procedure is performed tp prevent malnutrition by allowing direct access to the stomach:
-gastrostomy
-Roux-en-Y
-gastrotomy
-gastrojejunostomy
gastrstomy
During which operation is portal pressure monitoring essential?
-Whipple operation
-appendectomy
-splenectomy
-hepatic resection
Hepatic resection
(portal pressure measurement is crucial for blood loss management & liver perfusion monitoring)
Liver is divided into how many lobes?
-2 -5 -4 -3
2 lobes
(right larger than the left)
Substance builds up in blood & tissues, causing the yellow skin color seen in obstructive jaundice:
-bile salts
-cholesterol
-enzymes
-bilirubin
bilirubin
(produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin red blood cells)
Which alternative to a conventional ileostomy requires daily catheterization to prevent spontaneous stool from exiting the stoma?
-ileoanal pull-through
-kock pouch
-cecostomy
-ileal conduit
kock pouch
(surgically created reservoir that requires catheterization to evacuate waste)
Combines to form the common bile duct:
-cystic duct & hepatic duct
-cystic artery & hepatic duct
-cystic duct & cystic artery
-hepatic vein & cystic duct
Cystic duct & Hepatic duct
Into which part of the intestine do the pancreatic duct & the common bile duct release their contents?
-cecum -duodenum
-jejunum - ileum
duodenum
When the gallbladder contract, into which part of the digestive system?
-duodenum -pancreas
-jejunum -liver
duodenum
(bile is ejected into the duodenum from gallbladder, facilitating the breakdown & absorption of fats)
Which procedure is used to create an opening in the common bile duct for drainage?
-choledochotomy
-cholecystectomy
-choledochoduodenotomy
-none of the above
choledochotomy
The spleen is responsible for filtering:
-antibodies -blood
-interstitial fluid -lymph
Blood
During a modified radical mastectomy, which of the following nerves must be preserved to prevent scapular winging?
-long thoracic nerve
-ulnar nerve
-radial nerve
-median nerve
-long thoracic nerve
Where do common bile duct & pacreatic duct merge & empty into the duodenum?
-Wirsung duct
-Islet of Langerhans
-the duct of Santorini
-the ampulla of Vater
the ampulla of Vater
Which sphincter is incised during a transduodenal sphicterotomy to relieve stenosis?
-sphincter of Oddi
-pyloric sphincter
-cardiac sphincter
-ileocecal sphincter
sphincter of Oddi
Which type of dissecting sponge is made from a small roll of heavy cotton tape?
-tonsil
-Weck-Cel
-Kittner
-Raytec
kittner
To which section of the large intestine is the appendix connected?
-transverse colon
-descending colon
-ascending colon
-cecum
cecum
What might dark blood in the surgical area suggest about the patient’s condition?
-hyperkalemia
-hypotension
-hypoxia
-hypovolemia
hypoxia
Term for an intestinal blockage caused by a twisting of the intestines:
-encephalocele
-pyloric stenosis
-neuroblastoma
-volvulus
volvulus
What is the name of the opening in the diaphragm that the esophagus passes through?
-sphincter
-meatus
-hiatus
-fundus
Hiatus
Which segment of the large intestine is characterized by an S-shaped bend?
-sigmoid
-hepatic flexure
-rectum
-splenic flexure
sigmoid
What procedure relieves gastric outlet obstruction by enlarging the pyloric channel between the stomach & the duodenum?
-Billroth II
-Billroth II
-duodenectomy
-pyloroplasty
pyloroplasty
In a laparotomy, which material is used to pack the abdominal contents away from the diseased area?
-Gelfoam & thrombin
-Ray-Tecs
-Dry laps
-Moist laps
Moist laps
Which organ has the largest concentration of lymphatic tissue?
-thyroid gland
-liver
-gallbladder
-spleen
spleen
Which duties does the surg tech need to perform during a laparotomy?
-keep 4x4s & needles on back table
-keep ESU free of debris & in holster
-keep field free of instruments
-all of the above
all of the above
Part of the GI tract that is located most proximally after the mouth:
-rectum
-esophagus
-ileum
-stomach
Esophagus
Medical term for twisting of the bowel:
-intussusception
-strangulation
-volvulus
-paralytic ileus
volvulus
Referred to as ‘fatty apron’:
-greater omentum
-lesser omentum
-mesentery
-Falciform ligament
greater omentum
(drapes over the transverse colon & small intestine)
Digestive passageway that starts at the pharynx & ends at the stomach:
-trachea
-carina
-larynx
-esophagus
esophagus
Which surgical procedure involves wrapping the top of the stomach around the lower esophagus to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease & correct a hiatal hernia?
-transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP)
-McVay
-Bassini
-laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication
laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication
Surgical procedure that involves the complete removal of a breast tumor:
-incisional biopsy
-staging biopsy
-excisional biopsy
-needle biopsy
excisional biopsy
In which body system can the anatomical structure known as the Triangle of Calot be found?
-biliary
-reproductive
-respiratory
-lymphatic
biliary
(is integral to bile flow & digestion)
Mesentary
Anchors the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
mesentary
Another name for the main pancreatic duct:
-spincter of Oddi
-ampulla of Vater
-duct of Wirsing
-circle of Willis
duct of Wirsing
(conducts pancreatic juices from the pancreas to the duodenum)
Common bile duct is formed when the common hepatic duct combines with which structure?
-cystic artery
-hepatic artery
-hepatic vein
-cystic duct
cystic duct
Name of sphincter found at the meeting point of the small and large intestines?
-duodenal sphincter
-ileocecal shincter
-sphincter of Oddi
-pyloric sphincter
ileocecal sphincter
Which type of hernia has compromised blood supply to the trapped contents of the sac, putting them at risk of necrosis?
-reducible
-strangulated
-direct
-indirecct
strangulated
Primary goal of a gastroplasty:
-release adhesions
-creates access for nutritional support
-reduces stomach size
-Addresses gastric junction stenosis
Reduces stomach size
Type of hernia exits the abdominal cavity through the internal inguinal ring and travels down the inguinal canal with the cord structures?
-indirect
-umbilical
-spigelian
-direct
indirect
(often presents as a bulge in the groin or scrotum)
Surgical term refers to a Whipple operation:
-transduodenal spincterotomy
-pancreatic cyst marsupialization
-pancreaticoduodenectomy
-pancreatectomy
pancreaticoduodenectomy
(entails resecting pancreatic head, duodenum, & reconstructing digestive tract)
What blood vessel supplies the proximal large intestine?
-superior mesentric artery
-inferior mesenteric arter
-ceilac artery
-middle colic artery
superior mesenteric artery
(vascularizes the jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, & part of transverse colon)
Arrange the intestinal layers in order from the inside to outside:
-Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis externa, Serosa
Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis externa, Serosa
The primary reason for placing a Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) tube?
-enteral feeding
-medication administration only
-surgical drainage
-parenteral feeding
Enteral feeding
Where in the abdomen is the spleen located?
-epigastric region
-umbillical region
-right lumbar region
-left hypochondriac region
left hypochondriac region
(between the fundus of the stomach & the diaphragm)
Primary function of gallbladder:
-production of bile
-digestion of fats
-storage of bile
-drainage of the liver
storage of bile
(stores & releases into small intestine to aid in fat digestion)
What two structures are connected in a choledochoduodenostomy?
-common bile duct & duodenum
-gallbladder & duodenum
-pancreas & common bile duct
-Both B & C
Common bile duct & duodenum
Which organ might be surgically removed due to injury, blood disorders, or to assess cancer progression?
-pancreas
-adrenal glands
-spleen
-liver
spleen
Which is NOT a component of the Lymphatic system?
-thymus
-thyroid
-spleen
-tonsils
thyroid
How is a hernia referred to when both direct & indirect hernias are found in the same inguinal region?
-pantaloon
-femoral
-sliding
-spigelian
pantaloon
What type of hernia occurs when the stomach pushes through an opening in the diaphragm?
-Spigelian
-Inguinal
-Hiatal
-Umbilibal
Hiatus
Breast surgery performed to remove the entire breast w/o lymph node dissection:
-axillary node dissection
-modified radical mastectomy
-radical mastectomy
-simple (total) mastectomy
simple (total) mastectomy
What procedure temporarily diverts fecal flow to allow the colon to rest and heal, and is later reversed?
-temporary colostomy
-abdominoperineal resection
-McVay procedure
-temporary colectomy
temporary colostomy
Another name for an esophageal diverticulum:
-GERD
-Hirschsprung disease
-Zenker diverticulum
-hiatal hernia
Zenker diverticulum
What is the name of the vascular tissue structure that provides blood and lymph to the lower part of the small intestines?
-omentum
-stoma
-cecum
-mesentary
Mesentary
(Ensures nutrient & waste exchange)
Which condition involves cellular changes in the distal esophagus that are a precursor to esophageal cancer?
-Meckel’s diverticulum
-Barrett’s esophagus
-GERD
-Zenker’s diverticulum
Barrett’s esophagus
Which condition, characterized by one part of the intestine sliding into another and frequently seen in children, causes bowel obstruction?
-evisceration
-intussusception
-gastroschisis
-Chron disease
Intussusception
What incision would require cutting through Scarpa’s fascia?
-Pfannenstiel
-Subcoastal
-Inguinal
-McBurney
Inguinal
In a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, after dissecting the gallbladder and irrigation the operative site, which of the following techniques aligns with safe and recommended practices for gallbladder removal?
-Use an Endobag
-Extract the gallbladder through the largest port
-Decompress the gallbladder by suctioning out bile prior to removal
-All of the above
All of the above
Which structures must be ligated and divided during a cholecystectomy?
-common bile duct & hepatic duct
-hepatic duct & cystic artery
-cystic duct & cystic artery
-cystic duct & common bile duct
Cystic duct & cystic artery
