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Surgical Tech/ Study For Exam > Basic Science: General Surgery > Flashcards

Basic Science: General Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Which portion of the stomach surrounds the lower esophageal sphincter?

A

Cardia

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2
Q

Low level disinfectants kill most microbes, but do not destroy:

A

Spores

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3
Q

Syndactyly refers to:

A

Webbed fingers

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4
Q

The surgical pack utilized to create the sterile field should be opened on the:

A

Backtable

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5
Q

The islets of Langerhans secrete:

A

Insulin

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6
Q

What type of procedure would involve the removal of teeth?

A

Extractions

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7
Q

Which organism is a normal resident flora of the intestinal tract?

A

Escherichia coli

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8
Q

Where should the first scrub surgical technologist stand when handing towels to the surgeon to square off an incision site?

A

Same side as surgeon

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9
Q

A properly performed surgical scrub renders the skin:

A

Surgically clean

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10
Q

Through which of the following do the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct empty?

A

Ampulla of Vater

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11
Q

Which of the following identifiers must be verified by the patient or their ID bracelet prior to transporting a patient to the OR?

A

Name, date of birh, physician

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12
Q

What are spiral-shaped bacteria called?

A

Spirilli

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13
Q

The primary function or the gallbladder is to:

A

Store bile

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14
Q

Which of the following is an non-sterile member of the surgical team?

A

Circulator

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using surface-mounted sliding doors for access to the operating room?

A

Aid in controlling temperature

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16
Q

What are the three factors for reducing ionizing radiation exposure?

A

Time, shielding, distance

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17
Q

Which is the first part of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum

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18
Q

What is the surgical position frequently used for patients undergoing kidney surgery?

A

Lateral

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19
Q

How are rickettsiae transmitted?

A

Arthropod bites

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20
Q

Which of the following is an examination of the cervix using a binocular microscope?
Colposcopy
Laparoscopy
Urethroscopy
Hystercscopy

A

Colposcopy

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21
Q

Compression of the heart from excessive fluid or blood buildup is called:
Tamponade
Pericarditis
Infarction
Cardiomyopathy

A

Tamponade

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22
Q

Which anatomical structure functions as a conduit for both food & liquids to the digestive system & air to the respiratory system?
-Pharynx
-Trachea
-Larynx
-Epiglottis

A

Pharynx

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23
Q

What are potential complications of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
-Dysphagia
-Aspration
-Barrett’s esophagus
-All of the Above

A

All of the above:
Dysphagia, Aspiration, Barrett’s esophagus

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24
Q

The head of the pancreas is located:
-by spleen
-in the curve of the duodenum
-in the curve of the descending colon
-on the undersurface of the liver

A

In the curve of the duodenum

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25
Q

The order of abdominal wall layers from superficial to deep:
1. Fascia 2. Skin 3. Peritoneum
4. Subcutaneous tissue 5. Muscle

A

2, 4, 1, 5, 3
Skin, subcu. tissue, fascia, muscle, peritoneum

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26
Q

Which specific procedure involves removing part of the stomach & directly connecting the remaining portion to the jejunum?
-Billroth I
-Billroth II
-Jejunectomy
-Pyloroplasty

A

Billroth II

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27
Q

Which part of the stomach leads into the duodenum?
-pylorus
-cardia
-body
-fundus

A

pylorus

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28
Q

Which organ is classified as retroperitoneal?
-kidney
-sigmoid colon
-liver
-spleen

A

Kidney
-located behind the peritoneum, is shielded by this membrane only on the front, aligning with retroperitoneal classification

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29
Q

Which type of hernia enters the inguinal canal but does not involve the spermatic cord?
-Indirect -Incisional -Direct -Femoral

A

Direct

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30
Q

Which of the following is the 1st portion of the large intestine?
-cecum -ileum -colon -sigmoid

A

Cecum

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31
Q

Hernia with abdominal contents that are trapped & can’t be manually reduced?
-sliding hernia
-spigelian hernia
-incarcerated hernia
-strangulated hernia

A

Incarcerated hernia

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32
Q

Hernia that occurs within Hesselbach’s triangle?
-Indirect
-Spigelian
-femoral
-direct

A

Direct

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33
Q

Incorrect about liver:
-It’s divided into right & left lobes by falciform ligament
-majority of it is located in the left upper quadrant of abdomen
-Is encased by Glisson’s capsule, a protective layer
-Produces bile, which is essential for digestion

A

Majority of it is located in the left upper quadrant of abdomen

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34
Q

Acts as a valve to prevent food from moving back into the stomach from the duodenum?
-cardiac sphincter
-ileocecal sphincter
-sphincter of Oddi
-pyloric sphincter

A

Pyloric sphincter

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35
Q

What structures are removed during a Whipple procedure?
-pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, stomach, common bile duct
-head of pancreas, duodenum, portion of jejunum, gallbladder, distal stomach, cystic duct, distal portion of common bile duct
-head of pancreas, portion of liver, gallbladder, common bile duct
-duodenum, jejunum, distal stomach, gallbladder

A

Head of pancreas, duodenum, portion of jejunum, gallbladder, distal stomach, cystic duct, portion of common bile duct

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36
Q

BMI value is the threshold for defining morbid obesity?
30, 10, 40, 25

A

40

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37
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum is a congenital anomaly found in which section of the small intestine?

-jejunum -pylorus -distal ileum
-duodenum

A

Distal ileum

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38
Q

Large intestine from beginning to end: 1. rectum 2. transverse colon
3. ascending colon 4. sigmoid
5. descending colon

A

3, 2, 5, 4, 1
ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum

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39
Q

Hernia located between the abdominal muscle layers, is known for being hard to diagnose?

-Richter
-Spigelian
-Umbilical
-Maydl

A

Sigelian

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40
Q

Total number of segments in the liver?
-1
-2
-4
-8

A

8

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41
Q

abdominal muscle starts at the pubic bone and attaches to the ribs?

-external oblique
-rectus abdominis
-transverse abdominis
-internal oblique

A

Rectus abdominis

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42
Q

Laparoscopic bariatric surgery involves removing part of the stomach and attaching it to the duodenum?

A

Gastric bypass

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43
Q

Sengstaken-Blakemore tube is primarily utilized to manage which condition?
-nasal hemorrhage
-tonsillar hemorrhage
-uterine hemorrhage
-esophageal hemorrhage

A

Esophageal hemorrhage
-using double balloon tamponade to control bleeding

44
Q

Which of the following conditions are known to cause portal hypertension in patients?
-blockage of the portal vein
-hepatitis
-cirrhosis of the liver
-all of the above

A

all of the above

45
Q

Which 2 parts of the digestive system are connected after resection in a Billroth I?
-stomach & duodenum
-stomach & colon
-stomach & distal esophagus
-stomach & jejunum

A

Stomach & duodenum

46
Q

The ligament of Treitz is responsible for supporting which parts of small intestine?
-ascending colon & transvers
-duodenum & jejunum
-splenic flexure & hepatic flexure
-transverse colon & descending

A

duodenum & jejunum

47
Q

Part of the digestive system responsible for reabsorbing water & electrolytes?
-small intestine
-large intestine
-liver
-sigmoid colon

A

large intestine

48
Q

Which hernia includes a Meckel’s diverticulum?
-spigelian -Richter
-Littre -Maydi

A

Littre
(can lead to obstruction or strangulation)

49
Q

Serves as the fibrous covering of the liver?
-medulla oblongata
-sella turcica
-galea aponeurotica
-Glisson’s capsule

A

Glisson’s capsule
(the liver’s fibrous sheath, safeguards hepatic cells)

50
Q

Palliative procedure is performed tp prevent malnutrition by allowing direct access to the stomach:
-gastrostomy
-Roux-en-Y
-gastrotomy
-gastrojejunostomy

A

gastrstomy

51
Q

During which operation is portal pressure monitoring essential?
-Whipple operation
-appendectomy
-splenectomy
-hepatic resection

A

Hepatic resection
(portal pressure measurement is crucial for blood loss management & liver perfusion monitoring)

52
Q

Liver is divided into how many lobes?
-2 -5 -4 -3

A

2 lobes
(right larger than the left)

53
Q

Substance builds up in blood & tissues, causing the yellow skin color seen in obstructive jaundice:
-bile salts
-cholesterol
-enzymes
-bilirubin

A

bilirubin
(produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin red blood cells)

54
Q

Which alternative to a conventional ileostomy requires daily catheterization to prevent spontaneous stool from exiting the stoma?
-ileoanal pull-through
-kock pouch
-cecostomy
-ileal conduit

A

kock pouch
(surgically created reservoir that requires catheterization to evacuate waste)

55
Q

Combines to form the common bile duct:
-cystic duct & hepatic duct
-cystic artery & hepatic duct
-cystic duct & cystic artery
-hepatic vein & cystic duct

A

Cystic duct & Hepatic duct

56
Q

Into which part of the intestine do the pancreatic duct & the common bile duct release their contents?
-cecum -duodenum
-jejunum - ileum

A

duodenum

57
Q

When the gallbladder contract, into which part of the digestive system?
-duodenum -pancreas
-jejunum -liver

A

duodenum
(bile is ejected into the duodenum from gallbladder, facilitating the breakdown & absorption of fats)

58
Q

Which procedure is used to create an opening in the common bile duct for drainage?
-choledochotomy
-cholecystectomy
-choledochoduodenotomy
-none of the above

A

choledochotomy

59
Q

The spleen is responsible for filtering:
-antibodies -blood
-interstitial fluid -lymph

A

Blood

60
Q

During a modified radical mastectomy, which of the following nerves must be preserved to prevent scapular winging?
-long thoracic nerve
-ulnar nerve
-radial nerve
-median nerve

A

-long thoracic nerve

61
Q

Where do common bile duct & pacreatic duct merge & empty into the duodenum?
-Wirsung duct
-Islet of Langerhans
-the duct of Santorini
-the ampulla of Vater

A

the ampulla of Vater

62
Q

Which sphincter is incised during a transduodenal sphicterotomy to relieve stenosis?
-sphincter of Oddi
-pyloric sphincter
-cardiac sphincter
-ileocecal sphincter

A

sphincter of Oddi

63
Q

Which type of dissecting sponge is made from a small roll of heavy cotton tape?
-tonsil
-Weck-Cel
-Kittner
-Raytec

A

kittner

64
Q

To which section of the large intestine is the appendix connected?
-transverse colon
-descending colon
-ascending colon
-cecum

A

cecum

65
Q

What might dark blood in the surgical area suggest about the patient’s condition?
-hyperkalemia
-hypotension
-hypoxia
-hypovolemia

A

hypoxia

66
Q

Term for an intestinal blockage caused by a twisting of the intestines:
-encephalocele
-pyloric stenosis
-neuroblastoma
-volvulus

A

volvulus

67
Q

What is the name of the opening in the diaphragm that the esophagus passes through?
-sphincter
-meatus
-hiatus
-fundus

A

Hiatus

68
Q

Which segment of the large intestine is characterized by an S-shaped bend?
-sigmoid
-hepatic flexure
-rectum
-splenic flexure

A

sigmoid

69
Q

What procedure relieves gastric outlet obstruction by enlarging the pyloric channel between the stomach & the duodenum?
-Billroth II
-Billroth II
-duodenectomy
-pyloroplasty

A

pyloroplasty

70
Q

In a laparotomy, which material is used to pack the abdominal contents away from the diseased area?
-Gelfoam & thrombin
-Ray-Tecs
-Dry laps
-Moist laps

A

Moist laps

71
Q

Which organ has the largest concentration of lymphatic tissue?
-thyroid gland
-liver
-gallbladder
-spleen

A

spleen

72
Q

Which duties does the surg tech need to perform during a laparotomy?
-keep 4x4s & needles on back table
-keep ESU free of debris & in holster
-keep field free of instruments
-all of the above

A

all of the above

73
Q

Part of the GI tract that is located most proximally after the mouth:
-rectum
-esophagus
-ileum
-stomach

A

Esophagus

74
Q

Medical term for twisting of the bowel:
-intussusception
-strangulation
-volvulus
-paralytic ileus

A

volvulus

75
Q

Referred to as ‘fatty apron’:
-greater omentum
-lesser omentum
-mesentery
-Falciform ligament

A

greater omentum
(drapes over the transverse colon & small intestine)

76
Q

Digestive passageway that starts at the pharynx & ends at the stomach:
-trachea
-carina
-larynx
-esophagus

A

esophagus

77
Q

Which surgical procedure involves wrapping the top of the stomach around the lower esophagus to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease & correct a hiatal hernia?
-transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP)
-McVay
-Bassini
-laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication

A

laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication

78
Q

Surgical procedure that involves the complete removal of a breast tumor:
-incisional biopsy
-staging biopsy
-excisional biopsy
-needle biopsy

A

excisional biopsy

79
Q

In which body system can the anatomical structure known as the Triangle of Calot be found?
-biliary
-reproductive
-respiratory
-lymphatic

A

biliary
(is integral to bile flow & digestion)

80
Q

Mesentary
Anchors the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

A

mesentary

81
Q

Another name for the main pancreatic duct:
-spincter of Oddi
-ampulla of Vater
-duct of Wirsing
-circle of Willis

A

duct of Wirsing
(conducts pancreatic juices from the pancreas to the duodenum)

82
Q

Common bile duct is formed when the common hepatic duct combines with which structure?
-cystic artery
-hepatic artery
-hepatic vein
-cystic duct

A

cystic duct

83
Q

Name of sphincter found at the meeting point of the small and large intestines?
-duodenal sphincter
-ileocecal shincter
-sphincter of Oddi
-pyloric sphincter

A

ileocecal sphincter

84
Q

Which type of hernia has compromised blood supply to the trapped contents of the sac, putting them at risk of necrosis?
-reducible
-strangulated
-direct
-indirecct

A

strangulated

85
Q

Primary goal of a gastroplasty:
-release adhesions
-creates access for nutritional support
-reduces stomach size
-Addresses gastric junction stenosis

A

Reduces stomach size

86
Q

Type of hernia exits the abdominal cavity through the internal inguinal ring and travels down the inguinal canal with the cord structures?
-indirect
-umbilical
-spigelian
-direct

A

indirect
(often presents as a bulge in the groin or scrotum)

87
Q

Surgical term refers to a Whipple operation:
-transduodenal spincterotomy
-pancreatic cyst marsupialization
-pancreaticoduodenectomy
-pancreatectomy

A

pancreaticoduodenectomy
(entails resecting pancreatic head, duodenum, & reconstructing digestive tract)

88
Q

What blood vessel supplies the proximal large intestine?
-superior mesentric artery
-inferior mesenteric arter
-ceilac artery
-middle colic artery

A

superior mesenteric artery
(vascularizes the jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, & part of transverse colon)

89
Q

Arrange the intestinal layers in order from the inside to outside:
-Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis externa, Serosa

A

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis externa, Serosa

90
Q

The primary reason for placing a Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) tube?
-enteral feeding
-medication administration only
-surgical drainage
-parenteral feeding

A

Enteral feeding

91
Q

Where in the abdomen is the spleen located?
-epigastric region
-umbillical region
-right lumbar region
-left hypochondriac region

A

left hypochondriac region
(between the fundus of the stomach & the diaphragm)

92
Q

Primary function of gallbladder:
-production of bile
-digestion of fats
-storage of bile
-drainage of the liver

A

storage of bile
(stores & releases into small intestine to aid in fat digestion)

93
Q

What two structures are connected in a choledochoduodenostomy?
-common bile duct & duodenum
-gallbladder & duodenum
-pancreas & common bile duct
-Both B & C

A

Common bile duct & duodenum

94
Q

Which organ might be surgically removed due to injury, blood disorders, or to assess cancer progression?
-pancreas
-adrenal glands
-spleen
-liver

A

spleen

95
Q

Which is NOT a component of the Lymphatic system?
-thymus
-thyroid
-spleen
-tonsils

A

thyroid

96
Q

How is a hernia referred to when both direct & indirect hernias are found in the same inguinal region?
-pantaloon
-femoral
-sliding
-spigelian

A

pantaloon

97
Q

What type of hernia occurs when the stomach pushes through an opening in the diaphragm?
-Spigelian
-Inguinal
-Hiatal
-Umbilibal

A

Hiatus

98
Q

Breast surgery performed to remove the entire breast w/o lymph node dissection:
-axillary node dissection
-modified radical mastectomy
-radical mastectomy
-simple (total) mastectomy

A

simple (total) mastectomy

99
Q

What procedure temporarily diverts fecal flow to allow the colon to rest and heal, and is later reversed?
-temporary colostomy
-abdominoperineal resection
-McVay procedure
-temporary colectomy

A

temporary colostomy

100
Q

Another name for an esophageal diverticulum:
-GERD
-Hirschsprung disease
-Zenker diverticulum
-hiatal hernia

A

Zenker diverticulum

101
Q

What is the name of the vascular tissue structure that provides blood and lymph to the lower part of the small intestines?
-omentum
-stoma
-cecum
-mesentary

A

Mesentary
(Ensures nutrient & waste exchange)

102
Q

Which condition involves cellular changes in the distal esophagus that are a precursor to esophageal cancer?
-Meckel’s diverticulum
-Barrett’s esophagus
-GERD
-Zenker’s diverticulum

A

Barrett’s esophagus

103
Q

Which condition, characterized by one part of the intestine sliding into another and frequently seen in children, causes bowel obstruction?
-evisceration
-intussusception
-gastroschisis
-Chron disease

A

Intussusception

104
Q

What incision would require cutting through Scarpa’s fascia?
-Pfannenstiel
-Subcoastal
-Inguinal
-McBurney

A

Inguinal

105
Q

In a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, after dissecting the gallbladder and irrigation the operative site, which of the following techniques aligns with safe and recommended practices for gallbladder removal?
-Use an Endobag
-Extract the gallbladder through the largest port
-Decompress the gallbladder by suctioning out bile prior to removal
-All of the above

A

All of the above

106
Q

Which structures must be ligated and divided during a cholecystectomy?
-common bile duct & hepatic duct
-hepatic duct & cystic artery
-cystic duct & cystic artery
-cystic duct & common bile duct

A

Cystic duct & cystic artery

Surgical Tech/ Study For Exam (6 decks)

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