Microbiology

Question 1

Describe fixation

Answer 1

Adhering cellular material to a microscope slide to prepare for staining

Question 2

Describe how fixation effects cells

Answer 2

Fixation causes cellular proteins to coagulate so cellular material sticks to the slide in a cells most natural state with minimal distortion

Question 3

What (2) materials can be used to fix slides for a gram stain

Answer 3

Methanol for 1 minute
Heat- 2-3 flames on a Bunsen burner

Question 4

Microbiology

Answer 4

The study of microorganisms

Question 5

Microorganisms that are cellular

Answer 5

Bacteria fungi and parasites

Question 6

Acellular organisms

Answer 6

Viruses, prions

Question 7

Prokaryotes

Answer 7

Organisms that lack nuclear membrane and who’s nuclear material consists of a single “naked” strand of DNA

Question 8

Describe Bacteria
Size
Classification
Location & population size

Answer 8

0.4-0.2 um in diameter
Prokaryotes
Most abundant organisms on earth
Are ubiquitous

Question 9

Ubiquitous

Answer 9

Found everywhere

Question 10

Pathogens

Answer 10

Bacteria capable of causing disease in man animals and plants

Question 11

Bacteriology

Answer 11

The study of bacteria

Question 12

Shapes of bacteria

Answer 12

Cocci- circles
Bacilli- oval-esk with flagellum
Spirilla- squiggly

Question 13

Ways bacteria group together

Answer 13

Pairs
Chains
Clusters

Question 14

Mycology

Answer 14

Study of fungi

Question 15

Mycodes

Answer 15

Infection caused by fungi

Question 16

Why is fungi not apart of the plant kingdom

Answer 16

Fungi have chitin in their walls and do not contain chlorophyll

Question 17

Eukaryotes

Answer 17

Organism with a nucleus- chromosomes bound by a nuclear membrane

Question 18

Describe Yeasts
Multi or single celled?
Size
Reproductive habit

Answer 18

Unicellular organisms
8 um in diameter
Reproduce by budding

Question 19

Describe molds
Growing pattern
Approximate size
Source of nutrients
Positive use

Answer 19

Long chains of cells
10- 40 um
Require a host to provide nutrients
Provide antimicrobial substances

Question 20

Parasitology

Answer 20

The study of parasites

Question 21

Describe parasites
Classification
Single or multi celled
Size

Answer 21

Eukaryotic
Both single and multi celled organisms
Microscopic

Question 22

Single celled parasites

Answer 22

Protozoa

Question 23

Multi celled parasites

Answer 23

Metazoa

Question 24

Describe Viruses
Source of nutrition
Cellular makeup
Size

Answer 24

Requires a host for nutrition and replication
A strand of DNA or RNA in a protein coat
18-350nm

Question 25

Virology

Answer 25

The study of viruses

Question 26

True or false Will viruses grow on artificial media culture

Answer 26

False- requires live host for nutrition

Question 27

What stain makes gram positive bacteria purple

Answer 27

Crystal violet

Question 28

What stain makes gram negative bacteria pink

Answer 28

Safranin

Question 29

What cell wall component is different between gram positive and gram negative cells

Answer 29

Peptidoglycan

Question 30

The cell wall compound peptidoglycan is thick in a gram __________ cell The cell wall compound peptidoglycan is thin in a gram __________ cell

Answer 30

The cell wall compound peptidoglycan is thick in a gram positive cell The cell wall compound peptidoglycan is thin in a gram thin cell

Question 31

How does Crystal Violet bond with cells

Answer 31

Forms ionic bonds with protoplasm of cells

Question 32

How does Grams Iodine affect cells

Answer 32

Traps crystal violet in organisms by forming a water-insoluble crystal violet-iodine complex

Question 33

Is grams iodine a stain

Answer 33

No- it has little affinity for cell protoplasm

Question 34

What reagent is de-colourization done with

Answer 34

95% ethanol 1-3% acetone Ether

Question 35

How does ethanol effect gram positive cells

Answer 35

The thick peptidoglycan layer closes pores of the cell, trapping the large crystal violet-iodine complexes in the cell (cell stays purple)

Question 36

How does ethanol effect gram negative cells

Answer 36

the peptidoglycan layer is thin and the outer membrane is dissolved so the cell becomes leaky and looses the crystal violet-iodine complex’s (Cell becomes clear)

Question 37

What step in the staining process is the most critical

Answer 37

Decolorization

Question 38

What happens when gram-negative cells are under-decolorized

Answer 38

They stay purple in the completed gram stain

Question 39

What happens when gram positive bacteria are over-decolourized

Answer 39

Will appear pink after in the completed stain

Question 40

What is the usual counter stain in a gram stain

Answer 40

Safranin

Question 41

What organism is isolated on a staph streak

Answer 41

Hymophilus influenzae

Question 42

Bacteria that require increased carbon dioxide for growth

Answer 42

Capnophiles

Question 43

MSU stands for

Answer 43

Mid stream urine

Question 44

Mead is type a staph streak is made on

Answer 44

Blood agar plate

Question 45

A fastidious bacteria that requires a charcoal transport swab for transport and a modified TM plate for growth

Answer 45

Neisseria gonorrheae

Question 46

Medical condition caused by pertussis

Answer 46

Whooping cough

Question 47

SS infection stands for ______, caused by poultry and eggs

Answer 47

Salmonella shigella

Question 48

————— albicans is responsible for many yeast infections

Answer 48

Candida

Question 49

Another name for pinworm

Answer 49

Enterobiom vermicularis

Question 50

Berber fever is also known as

Answer 50

Giardia lamblia

Question 51

Hamburger disease is also known as

Answer 51

E. Coli 0157:H7