microbiology

Question 1

give an example of a gram negative bacilli (rod)

Answer 1

prevotella intermedia

Question 2

give an example of a gram positive bacilli

Answer 2

actinomyces

Question 3

capnophilic bacteria

Answer 3

need carbon dioxide

Question 4

faculative bacteria

Answer 4

can survive with and without oxygen

Question 5

how does gram stain differentiate bacteria

Answer 5

differentiates based on their cell wall constituents
gram positive have large amounts of peptidoglycan in their walls

Question 6

intrinsic vs acquired resistance

Answer 6

intrinsic - from within organism e.g extra thick walls
acquired - via either mutation or acquisition of new DNA

Question 7

name 3 things mutations could result in which would aid antibiotic resistance

Answer 7

• enzymatic inactivation (enzyme produced by bacteria which renders antibiotic inactive)
• decreased uptake (bacteria develop mechanisms e.g capsules to prevent antibiotic penetration_
• Efflux pumps - pump antimicrobials back out of cell preventing them carrying out antimicrobial action