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Practical - Y2B3 (Early Clinical Experience) 📘 > Microbiology 🦠 > Flashcards

Microbiology 🦠 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Infection Control

A
  • Infection control refers to policies and procedures used to minimize the risk of spreading infections, especially in hospitals and health care facilities
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2
Q

How are Healthcare-associated pathogens most often transmitted?

A

by hands of HCW

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3
Q

what is the single most important measure for preventing the spread of microorganisms?

A

Hand Hygiene

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4
Q

Definition of Hand hygiene

A
  • A general term that applies to either hand washing, antiseptic hand wash, antiseptic hand rub, or surgical hand antisepsis.
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5
Q

Five key moments for hand hygiene

A
  1. Before touching a patient.
  2. Before clean/aseptic procedure.
  3. After body fluid exposure risk.
  4. After touching a patient.
  5. After touching patient surroundings.
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6
Q

what is Personal protective equipment (PPE)?

A
  • Specialized clothing or equipment, worn by healthcare personnel for protection against infectious materials
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7
Q

Examples of Personal protective equipment (PPE)

A
  • Gloves
  • Gowns/aprons
  • Masks and respirators
  • Goggles
  • Face shields
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8
Q

what are Resident microorganisms attached to?

A
  • attached to deeper layers of the skin
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9
Q

Examples of Resident microorganisms

A
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis
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10
Q

Characters of Resident microorganisms

A
  • More resistant to removal
  • less likely to be associated with HAIs
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11
Q

what are Transient microorganisms attached to?

A
  • colonize the superficial layers of skin
  • acquired by direct contact with patients or
    contaminated environment surfaces
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12
Q

Examples of Transient microorganisms

A
  • E. coli and Klebsiella spp.
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13
Q

Characters of Transient microorganisms

A
  • Easy to removal
  • frequently associated with HAIs
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14
Q

Types of Hand hygiene

A
  • Routine hand washing
  • Hand antisepsis
  • Alcohol based hand rub
  • Surgical hand scrub
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15
Q

Characters of Routine hand washing

A
  • Is the mechanical removal of soil and transient bacteria
  • Using plain soap and water
  • Duration: for 40-60 seconds
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16
Q

Characters of Hand antisepsis

A
  • Is the removal & destruction of transient and reduction of resident flora
  • using anti-microbial soap or antiseptic solution.
  • Duration: for 2-3 minutes
17
Q

Characters of Alcohol based hand rub

A
  • Done if the hands are visibly clean
  • Using 60-80% ethyle or isopropyle alcohol
  • Duration: for 20-30 seconds
18
Q

Characters of Surgical hand scrub

A
  • Done before surgical operations
  • Using antiseptic solution with effective rubbing
  • Duration: for 3-5 minutes
  • Up to 5 cm above the elbow
19
Q

Steps of Routine hand washing

A
  • Wet hands with water, apply plain soap, rub hands together for at least 15 seconds
  • Rinse and dry with disposable towel
  • Use towel to turn off faucet
20
Q

Tips for Fingernails in hand hygiene

A
  • Should be short, clean, and free from nail varnish as it harbour micro organisms that are not easily removed during hand hygiene.
21
Q

tips for jewelery in hand hygiene

A

For proper hand hygiene, Remove hand ring and watch

22
Q

How to Don a Mask?

A
  • Place over nose, mouth and chin
  • Fit flexible nose piece over nose bridge
  • Secure on head with ties or elastic
  • Adjust to fit
23
Q

Removing a Mask

A
  • Untie the bottom, then top, tie
  • Remove from face
  • Discard
24
Q

How to Don Eye and Face Protection?

A
  • Position goggles over eyes and secure to the head using the ear pieces or headband
  • Position face shield over face and secure on brow with headband
  • Adjust to fit comfortably
25
Q

How to Don a Gown?

A
  • The opening of the gown should be in the back
  • secure the gown at the neck and waist
  • If the gown is too small to fully cover your torso, use two gowns
  • Put on the first gown with the opening in front and the second gown over the first with the opening in the back
26
Q

How to Remove Gown?

A
  • Unfasten ties
  • Peel gown away from neck and shoulder
  • Turn contaminated outside toward the inside
  • Fold or roll into a bundle
27
Q

How to Don Gloves?

A
  • Dongloveslast
  • Select correct type and size
  • Insert hands into gloves
  • Extend gloves over isolation gown cuffs
28
Q

How to Remove Gloves?

A
  • Grasp outside edge near wrist
  • Peel away from hand, turning glove inside-out
  • Hold in opposite gloved hand Slide ungloved finger under the wrist of the remaining glove
  • Peel off from inside, creating a bag for both gloves
  • Discard
29
Q

Incidence of needle stick injuries

A
  • 800,000 needle stick injuries occur each year in the U.S.
30
Q

what causes Exposure to pathogens in hospitals?

A
  • Needle sticks (most common) - 800,000 needle stick injuries occur each year in the U.S.
  • Cuts from other contaminated sharps (scalpels, broken glass, etc.)
  • Contaminated blood contact with the eyes, mucous membranes of the mouth or nose, or broken (cut or abraded) skin
31
Q

Handling of sharps

A
  • Immediately or as soon as possible after use, contaminated sharps shall be placed in puncture-resistant, leak proof and labeled or color-coded containers until properly reprocessed.
32
Q

Characters of sharps box

A
  • Must belocated as close as is feasible to where sharps are used.
  • Labeled or color-coded.
  • Leakproof.
  • Puncture resistant.
  • Must not be overfilled, 3⁄4 of its volume.
  • Able to be closed well before disposal. Made of environment friendly material
  • should be disposed according to Infectious Waste Control Act requirement

Practical - Y2B3 (Early Clinical Experience) 📘 (2 decks)

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