Microbiology

Question 1

What is a microorganism

Answer 1

Any organism that is too small to be seen by the naked eye

Question 2

4 basic groups of microbe?

Answer 2

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, Protozoa

Question 3

What type of cell is bacteria

Answer 3

Prokaryotic

Question 4

Bacteria is a prokaryotic cell, what does this mean?

Answer 4

No nucleus - genetic info is free floating inside cytoplasm

Question 5

3 basic shapes of bacteria

Answer 5

Coccus, rod/bacillus, spiral

Question 6

Classification of bacteria

Answer 6

Shape, size, colour, nutritional requirements, staining, immunological biochemical and molecular criteria, nature of infection

Question 7

What is bacteria staining?

Answer 7

Using gram stain, classifying bacteria by the characteristics of the walls. If it is gram positive, the dye will keep

Question 8

What type of cell is fungi

Answer 8

Eukaryotic

Question 9

Fungi is a eukaryotic cell, what does this mean

Answer 9

Look similar to our cells - they’ve got a nucleus

Question 10

What is a pathogen

Answer 10

Organism that causes harm to the body

Question 11

What is a commensal

Answer 11

Organism that does not cause harm to the body

Question 12

Example of something turning into a pathogen?

Answer 12

E Coli when moved from the upper GI tract to the lower GI tract

Question 13

What does a virus contain

Answer 13

Either DNA or RNA, Never both

Question 14

What do viruses need

Answer 14

A host - can only survive in living susceptible cells - they are true parasites

Question 15

How can a virus effect a cell?

Answer 15

Infect and kill the cell, no effect but remains potentially infectious, transformation of cell to malignant form

Question 16

What is Protozoa?

Answer 16

Unicellular microbes inhabiting mainly in soil and water

Question 17

What can poor sanitation lead to (Protozoa infections)

Answer 17

Cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery, hep A, typhoid, polio