Microbiology Flashcards
What penicillin G cover and this drug is weak in what وسط؟
Against everything G+ cooci and bacilli or G- cocci anaerobic bacteria spirochetes
Amino-penicillin
Every drug that contain Am in the start of the word
Carboxy-penicillin
Every word that contain car
Ureidopenicillins
Azlocillin
Piperacillin
Mezloccillin
Semisynthetic with anti-beta lactamase activity
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Diclaxacillin
Narfcillin
Methicillin
Combination between penicillin and beta lactamase
Ampicillin+sulbactam=unasyn
Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid = augmentin
Titracillin+clavulanic acid=timentin
Piperacillin+tazobactam=tazocin
Cephalosporin generation 1
Narrow spectrum G+ve
Cefazolin IV
cephalexin
Cephalosporin generation two
Expanded spectrum G+ve and G-ve
Cefuroxime
Cefuroxime axetil oral
Cefoxitine against anaerobes
Cephalosporin generation three
Less activity G+ve and more G-ve
Cefotaxime
Cefotriaxone
Cefixime oral
Ceftazidime anti pseudomonal
Cephalosporin fourth generation
Broad spectrum
Cefepime-parenteral
Effective against pseudomonas
Inhibition of cell membrane synthesis
Polymyxin E narrow spectrum against multidrug resistant G- bacilli
Polymyxin B
Daptomycin- not used in respiratory infections (inactivated by surfactant
Antimicrobial wich bind to 30s subunit
Aminoglycosides
Bactericidal (bind irreversibly) and given IV or topically and anti-pseudomonal and broad spectrum and ineffective against anaerobes, synergy+ beta lactams
Agents:
Any drug that end’s with cin
Antimicrobial wich bind to 30s subunit tetracycline
-Broad Spectrum
-Intracellular bacteria (chlamydias, reckettsias), Mycoplasma
-Members
Tetracycline, minocycline, doxycycline.
Side effect do painting and secondary infection
Antimicrobial wich bind to 30s subunit, spectinomycin
Bacteriostatic, reversible bond eith mRNA interaction with 30s ribosome.
Spectrum of activity: penicillin-R, N.gonorrhoeaea
Antimicrobial wich bind to 50s ribosomal subunit. Chloramphenicol
Bacteriostatic
Side effects BM suppression= grey baby syndrome
Antimicrobial wich bind to 50s ribosomal subunit. Macrolides
Spectrum of activity
G+ bacteria in penicillin allergy
Chlamydias
Mycoplasmas
Legionella
Treponema pallidum
Agents:
Every drug that ends with thromycin
Antibacterials wich interfere with elongation factors fusidic acid
Inhibits release of EF-G from EFG/GDP complex
Inhibitors of nuclec acid synthesis
Inhibitors of RNA synthesis
Rifampin, rifamycin, rifampicin
Broad but used most commonly in Rx of TB
Rx= therapy
Inhibitors of DNA synthesis Quinolones (fluoroquinolones)
Ciprofloxacin orally, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, moxifloxacin.
S/E tendon rupture (googleit)
Broad spectrum and anti pseudomonal
Anti metabolic antibacterial sulfonamide
Analogue of PABA p-aminobenzoic acid
competitive inhibitors of dihydropteroic acid (second step of synthesis folic acid)
Used in UTI and nocardia infections
Anti metabolic antibacterial Trimethoprine
Inhibibits formation of tetrahydrofolic acid
Same uses as sulfonamide
Anti metabolic antibacterial co-trimoxazole
Combination of sulfonamide and trimethoprim oral
Antimycobacterial agents
In TB , 4 routinely prescribed drug
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Pyrazinamide
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
S/E
Allergy and anaphylactic shock
Toxicity
Chloramphenicol-> aplastic anemia
Streptomycin -> auditory nerve damage and deafness
Superinfections, Ex
Clostridium difficile that causes
ADD: antibiotics associated diarrhea
PMC: pesudomembranous coitits
