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MLS 101 > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

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1
Q

study of organisms too small to be seen by the unaided eyes

A

Medical Microbiology

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2
Q

what are the branches of medical biology?

A
  • protozoology
  • mycology
  • bacteriology
  • ricketsiology
  • virology
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3
Q

study of protozoans

A

protozoology

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4
Q

study of fungi

A

mycology

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5
Q

study of bacteria

A

bacteriology

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6
Q

study of transitional organisms between bacteria and viruses

A

ricketsiology

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7
Q

study of viruses

A

virology

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8
Q

parts of Bacterial cell

A
  • chromosome is circular
  • spores
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9
Q

even if autoclaved (machine for sterilization)

A

spores are able to resist

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10
Q

Clostridium tetani (tetanus)

A

Terminal

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11
Q

Clostridium botulinum (botulinum toxin - botox)

A

Subterminal

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12
Q

bacilis anthracis (used for bioterrorism)

A

central

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13
Q

Organisms according to flagella

A
  • atrichous
  • monotrichous
  • amphitirichous
  • lopotrichous
  • peritrichous
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14
Q

absence of flagellum; non-motile

A

atrichous

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15
Q

one polar flagellum

A

monotrichous

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16
Q

single flagellum on both ends

A

amphitrichous

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17
Q

tuft of flagella on either end or both ends; multiple flagella on one area/point

A

lopotrichous

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18
Q

flagella present all around the organism

A

peritrichous

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19
Q

two classifications of bacteria

A
  • gram-negative cell wall
  • gram-positive cell wall
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20
Q

thin peptidoglycan layer

A

gram-negative cell wall

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21
Q
  • thick peptidoglygan layer
  • outer membrane: LPS or lipopolysaccharide
A

gram-positive cell wall

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22
Q

3 major bacterial shapes

A
  • coccus
  • rod/bacillus
  • curved forms: spirillum/spirochete
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23
Q

factors needed for bacterial growth

A

oxygen
CO2
nutrients
temperature
hydrogen & ion concentration

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24
Q

what temperature does bacteri grow

A

between 35-37 degrees celsius

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25
Q

types of bacteria accorsing to O2 requirement

A

aerobes
anaerobes
capnophiles
nutritional types

26
Q

type of bacteria that requires oxygen for growth

A

aerobes

27
Q

type of bacteria that grows best in atmosphere of reduced oxygen

A

anaerobes

28
Q

what type bacteria that requires 5-10% CO2 (candle jar) to live

A

capnophiles

29
Q

nutritional types

A

all microorganisms

30
Q

under autotrophs (inorganic self feeders)

A
  • photoautotrophs (light energy source)
  • chemoautotrophs (inorganic source)
31
Q

under heterotrophs (organic other feeders)

A
  • photoautotrops (light energy source)
  • chemoautotrophs (orgamic source)
32
Q

uses nutrients to multiply

A

stationary phase

33
Q

can no longer multiply, proceeds to death phase

A

death phase

34
Q

help determines bacteria

A

staining

35
Q

2 staining techniques

A
  • simple staining
  • differential staining
36
Q

single stain, for visualization of morphological shape and arrangement

A

simple staining

37
Q

has 2 contrasting stain separated by decolorizing agent

A

differential staining

38
Q

what are the 2 contrasting stain separated by decolorizing agent

A

identification and visualization of structure

39
Q

microbiologists uses this to stain a slide containing micro-organisms.

A

india ink

40
Q

steps in simple staining

A

step1: heat fix smear
step2: stain

41
Q

gram stain procedure and result

A
  • fixation
  • crystal violet
  • iodine treatment
  • decolorisation (alcohol)
  • counter stain with safranin
42
Q

acid fast staining

A

hot and cold method

43
Q

test that provides a clinician with threpeutic guidelines

A

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (AST)

44
Q

Types of Antimicrobial Assay

A
  • Disk diffusion susceptibility test
  • Broth diffusion susceptibility test
45
Q
  • uses antibiotic disk
  • needs to be compared to .5 McFarland standard to standardized everything
  • zoom of inhibition
A

Disk difussion susceptibility test

46
Q

means antibiotic successfully killed bacteria

A

zoom of inhibition

47
Q

the standards followed

A

CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute)

48
Q
  • u will be the one to find which one is most effective
  • able to adjust the concentration of antibiotic
A

broth diffusion susceptibility test

49
Q

MIC

A

minimum inhibitory concentration

50
Q

MBC

A

minimum bactericidal concentration

51
Q

6 Antibiotic mechanisms of action

A

inhibits __________ synthesis
1. cell wall
2. protein
3. DNA
4. RNA
5. Folic Acid
6. Mycolic Acid

52
Q

a method of staining which involves heating the carbolfuchsin stain

A

hot method

53
Q

Kinyoun method which does not involve heating

A

cold method

54
Q
  • gram stain
  • acid fast stain
A

identification (differential staining)

55
Q
  • spore stain
  • capsule stain
A

visualization of structure (differential stsining)

56
Q

_______ kills bacteria; ________ maintain bacteria. Inhibit growth in vitro

A

bactericidal; bacteriostatic

57
Q

primary stain (_______); mordant (____); decolorizer (___________); counter stain (_________)

A

carbolfuchsin; heat; acid alcohol; methylene blue

58
Q

same salinity to blood

A

Solid media (step1: heat fix smear)

59
Q

iodine maintains methylene blue no matter the washing

A

step 2: stain

60
Q

Heterotrophs (orgamic other feeders)

A
  • photoautotrophs (light energy source)
  • cheloautotrops (organic source)

MLS 101 (2 decks)

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