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USMLE RESPIRATORY > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q
A

Histoplasma capsulatum.

Doc histology convertido en un graaan plasma tv. Se encuentra en los pulmones, higado y bazo envuelto en un granuloma rojo que luego se vuelve blanco y sostiene un girasol.

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2
Q

What is peptidoglycan? How is it composed? Difference in gram positive and negative bacteria?

A
  1. Component of the cell wall.
  2. Made of 2 sugars and a peptide
    a.NAG
    b. NAM
  3. Gram positive: about 40% sheets of peptoglycan.
    Gram negative: 5-10%
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3
Q

Talk about mycoplasma, mycobacterium and chlamydia cell wall:

A
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4
Q

What bacterial antigen causes the mayor activation of inmunologic cascade:

A
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5
Q

2 characteristics of gram negative bacteria:

A
  1. Periplasm: contains enzymes like B lactamase
  2. Outer membrane: Contains LIPOPOLYSSACHARIDES. Major inmune trigger
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6
Q

Name bacterias with capsules

A
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7
Q

How do body inmune respond to capsuled bacteria:

A
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8
Q

What patients are at higher risk for capsulated bacteria:

A
  1. loss of antibodies
  2. Lost of complement
  3. Los of B cells
  4. Asplenia
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9
Q

What is the glycocalix?

A
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10
Q

Two important bacteria phyli

A
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11
Q

What is a spore?

A

Dormant state

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12
Q

What are the components of a spore

A
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13
Q

Name important bacteria’s that form spores

A
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14
Q

Name the vaccines that are conjugated? I believe the vaccines that use the capsules.

A
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15
Q
A

GRAM POSITIVE COCCI IN PAIRS AND CHAINS: S. PNEUMONIE

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16
Q

Pseudomonas aeuriginosa is a gram__________ ____________ (shape)

A

gram negative rod

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17
Q

In cystic fibrosis px P. aeruginosa survives by the _______________ and forms permanent colonization.

A

Biofilm. Many P. Aeruginosa stick themselves together and for a glycocalix.

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18
Q

Key virulence factors for E.coli strains are ___________ and ______________

A

adhesins and pili (fimbriae)

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19
Q

Name 2 of the few coccus that are gram negative

A
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20
Q

Name 4 bacillus that are gram positive

A
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21
Q

Name bacteria’s that are shaped branched (2), espiroquetes (3) and vibrio (1)

A
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22
Q

Name 2 bacterias that pleomorphic

A
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23
Q

gram stain process

A
24
Q

What bacteria and parasite does GIEMSA stain?

A
  1. Plasmodium
  2. Trypanosoma
25
Q

Name 2 bacteria stain with Ziehl Neelsen:

A
  1. Mycobacterium
  2. Nocardia

PURPLE COLOR!

26
Q

What can be stain with silver:

A
  1. Pneumocystis Pneumonia
  2. Legionella
  3. H. Pylori

Amigo de mi papa cubierto en plata y eran una legion que vomitaban plata y luego patinaban.

27
Q

What can we stain with Indian Ink?

A
28
Q
A
29
Q

Haemophilus influenzae is a gram _________(shape)__________.

A

Gram negative bacilococcus

30
Q
A

Serratia Marcenses

Marquesita con una serrucha rojaaaaa

31
Q

Name 4 intracellular bacteria

A
32
Q

Name 4 bacteria stain with giemsa

A

Yo de chinita con el brazo extendido con un mosquito y pija de ulcera en labio con un H.Pylori nadando ahi. Y obvis la putaaaaaaa

33
Q

What Ziehl Neelsen stain?

A
  1. Mycobacterium
  2. Nocardia

Neesen luego de andar protegiendo a su hija por el mundo del trafico se volvio esqueleticooooooo y con tos (TB) y se quedo sin corazon.

34
Q

What does Indian ink stain?

A

Cryptoccocus neoformans

INDIA CON DOS COCOS SE PONE CON UNA GILLET A DARLE FORMA DE ESTRELLAS PORQUE QUIERE ESGTAR A LA MODA!

35
Q

______________ selective culture media that only grows NEISSERIA.

A

THAYER-MARTIN

Marthin luther king de ayer negro con secreccion blanca en ojos y pene.

36
Q

Why do we say blood agar is enriched and diferrential?

A
  1. They add nutriens: blood sheep 5%
  2. Differentiate a alpha pattern or a beta pattern
    a. Beta lysis
    b. Alpha: partial lysis
    c. Gamma: no lysis
37
Q
A

SANDIA! Eosin Methylene Blue

Cultures:
1. Selective: Gram Negative
2. Differential: Lactose fermenters

38
Q
A
39
Q

What is the Thayer Martin agar used for?

A
40
Q

Name 2 other bacteria that is hemolytic

A

S. Aures
Pseudomonas

41
Q

Chocolate agar is used to grow __________________

A

H. Influenzae

It uses lysed blood

42
Q

THE _______________________ is used to culture tb.

A
43
Q
A
44
Q
A
45
Q

_______________ where you can culture legionella

A
46
Q

______________ where fungi culture grows

A
47
Q

What Macconkey stain?

A

Is selective: It only stains GRAM NEGATIVE because it add bile to kill gram positive
Differential: It contains lactose that is metabolized by lactose-fermented bacteria

48
Q

Bordetella pertussis is a gram ___________ (shape) _____________. Its culture in _______________ in the past and in present _________________

A

negative. coccobacillis

Bordet gengou

present: regan lowe media

49
Q

What are the 2 enzymes that help bacteria live in oxygen enviroment:

A
  1. Superoxide dismutase
  2. Catalase
50
Q

Porque debajo del diafragma utilizamos como tx metronidazol?

A

Presencia de Bacteroides fragilis

51
Q

What does it mean to be a facultative anaerobe?

A
52
Q

Name 2 intracellular bacteria:

A
  1. Rickettsia
  2. Chlamydia: Cannot synthesize its own ATP
53
Q
A
54
Q

Name 3 important facultative anaerobes:

A
55
Q

Explain the phases of bacterial growth

A

Lag: No bacterial growth. Increase in size and proteins
Exponential Growth
Stationary: growth but also death because there not as much nutrients as before
Dead

56
Q

Explain the 3 methods bacteria transfer information

A

Transformation: Take ADN from enviroment
Conjugation: Bacteria tranfer info to othe bacteria via PHILUS (SEX)

57
Q

What is a plasmid?

A

ADN Molecule

USMLE RESPIRATORY (7 decks)

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