Microbiology

Question 1

Answer 1

Histoplasma capsulatum.

Doc histology convertido en un graaan plasma tv. Se encuentra en los pulmones, higado y bazo envuelto en un granuloma rojo que luego se vuelve blanco y sostiene un girasol.

Question 2

What is peptidoglycan? How is it composed? Difference in gram positive and negative bacteria?

Answer 2

1. Component of the cell wall.
2. Made of 2 sugars and a peptide
   a.NAG
   b. NAM
3. Gram positive: about 40% sheets of peptoglycan.
   Gram negative: 5-10%

Question 3

Talk about mycoplasma, mycobacterium and chlamydia cell wall:

Answer 3

Question 4

What bacterial antigen causes the mayor activation of inmunologic cascade:

Answer 4

Question 5

2 characteristics of gram negative bacteria:

Answer 5

1. Periplasm: contains enzymes like B lactamase
2. Outer membrane: Contains LIPOPOLYSSACHARIDES. Major inmune trigger

Question 6

Name bacterias with capsules

Answer 6

Question 7

How do body inmune respond to capsuled bacteria:

Answer 7

Question 8

What patients are at higher risk for capsulated bacteria:

Answer 8

1. loss of antibodies
2. Lost of complement
3. Los of B cells
4. Asplenia

Question 9

What is the glycocalix?

Answer 9

Question 10

Two important bacteria phyli

Answer 10

Question 11

What is a spore?

Answer 11

Dormant state

Question 12

What are the components of a spore

Answer 12

Question 13

Name important bacteria’s that form spores

Answer 13

Question 14

Name the vaccines that are conjugated? I believe the vaccines that use the capsules.

Answer 14

Question 15

Answer 15

GRAM POSITIVE COCCI IN PAIRS AND CHAINS: S. PNEUMONIE

Question 16

Pseudomonas aeuriginosa is a gram__________ ____________ (shape)

Answer 16

gram negative rod

Question 17

In cystic fibrosis px P. aeruginosa survives by the _______________ and forms permanent colonization.

Answer 17

Biofilm. Many P. Aeruginosa stick themselves together and for a glycocalix.

Question 18

Key virulence factors for E.coli strains are ___________ and ______________

Answer 18

adhesins and pili (fimbriae)

Question 19

Name 2 of the few coccus that are gram negative

Answer 19

Question 20

Name 4 bacillus that are gram positive

Answer 20

Question 21

Name bacteria’s that are shaped branched (2), espiroquetes (3) and vibrio (1)

Answer 21

Question 22

Name 2 bacterias that pleomorphic

Answer 22

Question 23

gram stain process

Question 24

What bacteria and parasite does GIEMSA stain?

Answer 24

1. Plasmodium
2. Trypanosoma

Question 25

Name 2 bacteria stain with Ziehl Neelsen:

Answer 25

1. Mycobacterium 2. Nocardia PURPLE COLOR!

Question 26

What can be stain with silver:

Answer 26

1. Pneumocystis Pneumonia 2. Legionella 3. H. Pylori Amigo de mi papa cubierto en plata y eran una legion que vomitaban plata y luego patinaban.

Question 27

What can we stain with Indian Ink?

Answer 27

Question 28

Question 29

Haemophilus influenzae is a gram _________(shape)__________.

Answer 29

Gram negative bacilococcus

Question 30

Answer 30

Serratia Marcenses Marquesita con una serrucha rojaaaaa

Question 31

Name 4 intracellular bacteria

Answer 31

Question 32

Name 4 bacteria stain with giemsa

Answer 32

Yo de chinita con el brazo extendido con un mosquito y pija de ulcera en labio con un H.Pylori nadando ahi. Y obvis la putaaaaaaa

Question 33

What Ziehl Neelsen stain?

Answer 33

1. Mycobacterium 2. Nocardia Neesen luego de andar protegiendo a su hija por el mundo del trafico se volvio esqueleticooooooo y con tos (TB) y se quedo sin corazon.

Question 34

What does Indian ink stain?

Answer 34

Cryptoccocus neoformans INDIA CON DOS COCOS SE PONE CON UNA GILLET A DARLE FORMA DE ESTRELLAS PORQUE QUIERE ESGTAR A LA MODA!

Question 35

______________ selective culture media that only grows NEISSERIA.

Answer 35

THAYER-MARTIN Marthin luther king de ayer negro con secreccion blanca en ojos y pene.

Question 36

Why do we say blood agar is enriched and diferrential?

Answer 36

1. They add nutriens: blood sheep 5% 2. Differentiate a alpha pattern or a beta pattern a. Beta lysis b. Alpha: partial lysis c. Gamma: no lysis

Question 37

Answer 37

SANDIA! Eosin Methylene Blue Cultures: 1. Selective: Gram Negative 2. Differential: Lactose fermenters

Question 38

Question 39

What is the Thayer Martin agar used for?

Answer 39

Question 40

Name 2 other bacteria that is hemolytic

Answer 40

S. Aures Pseudomonas

Question 41

Chocolate agar is used to grow __________________

Answer 41

H. Influenzae It uses lysed blood

Question 42

THE _______________________ is used to culture tb.

Answer 42

Question 43

Question 44

Question 45

_______________ where you can culture legionella

Answer 45

Question 46

______________ where fungi culture grows

Answer 46

Question 47

What Macconkey stain?

Answer 47

Is selective: It only stains GRAM NEGATIVE because it add bile to kill gram positive Differential: It contains lactose that is metabolized by lactose-fermented bacteria

Question 48

Bordetella pertussis is a gram ___________ (shape) _____________. Its culture in _______________ in the past and in present _________________

Answer 48

negative. coccobacillis Bordet gengou present: regan lowe media

Question 49

What are the 2 enzymes that help bacteria live in oxygen enviroment:

Answer 49

1. Superoxide dismutase 2. Catalase

Question 50

Porque debajo del diafragma utilizamos como tx metronidazol?

Answer 50

Presencia de Bacteroides fragilis

Question 51

What does it mean to be a facultative anaerobe?

Answer 51

Question 52

Name 2 intracellular bacteria:

Answer 52

1. Rickettsia 2. Chlamydia: Cannot synthesize its own ATP

Question 53

Question 54

Name 3 important facultative anaerobes:

Answer 54

Question 55

Explain the phases of bacterial growth

Answer 55

Lag: No bacterial growth. Increase in size and proteins Exponential Growth Stationary: growth but also death because there not as much nutrients as before Dead

Question 56

Explain the 3 methods bacteria transfer information

Answer 56

Transformation: Take ADN from enviroment Conjugation: Bacteria tranfer info to othe bacteria via PHILUS (SEX)

Question 57

What is a plasmid?

Answer 57

ADN Molecule