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ABE Oral Board Review > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria is a major etiological factor factor in the progression of pulpal inflammation to apical periodontitis. (germ-free rats).

A

Kakehashi et al

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2
Q

Bacteria present in necrotic pulps with apical periodontitis but not in necrotic pulps without apical disease.

A

Sundqvist

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3
Q

Focal infection theory in endodontics – bacteria trapped in dentinal tubules could leak and cause systemic disease.

A

Weston Price 1925

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4
Q

Refuted the focal infection theory in endodontics.

A

Easlick 1952

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5
Q

A basis for the success of RCT

A

“The Zones of Fish” – If the nidus of infection is removed, then the body can recover.

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6
Q

Gram-positive Bacteria

A

Streptococcus, enterococcus, lactobacillus, actinomyces. Thick petidoglycan cell walls. Stain crystal violet.

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7
Q

Gram-negative Bacteria

A

Fusobacterium, treponema, porphyromonas, tannarella, campylobacter. Cell walls contain LPS. Less affinity for crystal violet.

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8
Q

_______ is important in progression of pulpal and periapical inflammation – stimulate cytokine production in macrophages.

A

LPS
Torabinejad and Dwyer

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9
Q

________ caused by trauma allow bacterial ingress.

A

Microcracks
Bergenholtz

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10
Q

Anachoresis – homing of bacteria to traumatized, unexposed pulps proposed by ______

A

Gier and Mitchell

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11
Q

Disproved anachoresis

A

Delivanis et al

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12
Q

Endodontic infections require _____ and are ______ in nature

A

Disruption of protective barrier
Polymicrobial

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13
Q

A microbial derived, sessile community characterized by cells irreversibly attached to a substratum, or interface, or to one another, embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances, and exhibiting an altered phenotype with respect to growth rate and gene transcription compared to planktonic counterparts.

A

Biofilm defined by Donlan and Costerton

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14
Q

Svensater and Bergenholtz qualities unique to biofilms. (4)

A

Metabolic diversity
Concentration gradient
genetic exchange
quorum sensiing

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15
Q

Abscesses are not sterile, supports the validity of _________.

A

Extraradicular infections

Tronstad – anaerobes present in extraradicular infections
Sunde – molecular techniques (Agreggatibacter, actino, tanerella)

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16
Q

________ present in sinus tracts

A

Bacteria
Haapasalo

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17
Q

Cytomegalovirus and EBV in AP

A

Sabeti

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18
Q

More _____ and ______ when parulis present

A

Fusobacterium
P ging
Sassone

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19
Q

______ can occur despite pulpal necrosis in luxated teeth without contamination.

A

Healing
Andreasen

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20
Q

_____% of necrotic teeth are infected

A

64%
Wittgow and Sabiston

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21
Q

Typically isolated species types (oxygen need)

A

Facultative and obligate anaerobes

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22
Q

Typically isolated species

A

Strep, enterrococcus, porphyromonas, prevotella

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23
Q

Infection profiles vary _______

A

Geographically
Baumgartner

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24
Q

________ strep more common in endo infections

A

Beta-hemolytic
Winkler and Van Amerongen

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25
Q

E faecalis is of particular interest due to

A

Antimicrobial resistance

26
Q

E Faecalis unique properties (3)

A

Proton pump – Evans
Survives in dentinal tubules – Love
Can form bioflims – Distel

27
Q

E Faecalis proton pump provides resistance to

A

CaOH. Prevents the ionization that is required for it mechanism of action. Bystrom.

28
Q

“Black Pigmented Bacteroides” split into (use of sugar)

A

Prevotella (sacchrolytic)
Porphyromonas (asacchrolytic)

29
Q

Atypical species in endodontic infections (4)

A

Actinomyces
Spirochetes
Fungi
Arachaea

30
Q

Actinomyces is associated with _____ and are common cause of ______

A

Sulfur granules – Sunde
persistent endodontic infections (survives and thrives in periapical area) – Nair

31
Q

Spirochetes have ____

A

flagella for motility. Treponema detected by Siqueira.

32
Q

Archaea present in pulp

A

Vianna

33
Q

Candida present in primary endodontic infections

A

Baumgartner

34
Q

________ have not been detected in dental pulp

A

Prions
Azarpazhooh and Fillery

35
Q

HSV 1 and 2, HHV, VZV present in acute apical abscesses

A

Ferreira

36
Q

Viruses may play an active role in pulpal death

A

Goon and Jacobsen. Devitalization of pulps associated with trigeminal VZV infection.

37
Q

Association between feline herpesvirus and invasive cervical root resorption.

A

Von arx

38
Q

HPV in endodontic abscesses

A

Ferreira

39
Q

_______ in pulps of patients with clinical AIDS

A

HIV
Glick

40
Q

______ in periapical lesions of HIV+ patients

A

HIV
Elkins

41
Q

Greater number of bacterial species present in

A

Primary infections
20 in primary vs 3 in secondary
Rocas and Siqueria

42
Q

Primary infection composition

A

Equal mix of gram-positive and gram-negative. Mostly obligate anaerobes.
Sundqvist

43
Q

Secondary infection composition

A

Mostly gram-positive. More equal distribution of facultative and obligate anaerobes.
Sundqvist

44
Q

Progression of primary infections from aerobic and anaerobic species as oxygen tension decreases.

A

Microbial Succession.
Fabricius

45
Q

_________ frequently associated with secondary infections.

A

E faecalis
Siqueira

46
Q

________ with symptomatic infections

A

Fusobacterium — Siqueira
T forsythia — Sassone

47
Q

T forsythia with painful infections

A

Sassone

48
Q

EBV and CMV with painful infections

A

Sabeti

49
Q

Buccal Vestibule

A

Defined by buccinators and the alveolar mucosa. Mx posterior apices inferior to insertion and Mn posterior apices superior to insertion will spread to this space.

50
Q

Buccal Space

A

Defined by buccinators and cheek mucosa. Mx posterior apices superior to insertion and Mn posterior apices inferior to insertion will spread to this space. Can spread to periorbital space.

51
Q

Pterygomandibular Space

A

Defined by the medial pterygoid and the mandibular ramus inferior to the lateral pterygoid. Mn second and third molar infections can spread here.

52
Q

Canine Space

A

Superior to the levator anguli oris muscle and inferior to the levator labii superioris. Mx canines and first premolar infections disrupting the buccal cortex can spread to this space.

53
Q

Periorbital Space

A

Deep to the orbicularis occuli. Infections from Mx canines and large buccal space infections can spread to this space.

54
Q

Submandibular Space

A

Superior to the platysma and inferior to the mylohyoid muscle. Mn posterior infections disrupting the lingual cortex can spread to this space. Continuous with the submental space across the digastric muscle.

55
Q

Submental Space

A

Superior to the platysma and inferior to the mylohyoid muscle. Mn anterior infections can spread here.

56
Q

Mental Space

A

Below the mentalis muscle. Mn anterior infections can spread here.

57
Q

Sublingual Space

A

Superior to the mylohyoid and inferior to the floor of the mouth. Mn infections that disrupt the lingual cortex can spread here. This space is bilateral without midline separation.

58
Q

Lateral pharyngeal space infection

A

Mn second or third molar infection spreads beyond to pterygomandibular space. Can cause inner jugular thrombosis.

59
Q

Ludwig angina

A

Combination of submental, sublingual, and submandibular space infections

60
Q

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

Periorbital space infection spreads via valveless facial veins.

61
Q

Danger space

A

Alar and pre-vertebral fascia. Continuous with mediastinum. Infections that spread beyond the lateral pharyngeal space.

ABE Oral Board Review (12 decks)

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