Microbiology

Question 1

List the main organisms that cause neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 1

Staph. aureus
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 2

All cases of neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis should be referred. True/False?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

List the main organisms that cause bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 3

Staph. aureus
Strep. pneumoniae
H. influenzae

Question 4

List symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 4

Red, hot eyes
Hazy vision
Sticky discharge
Eyelids stick together

Question 5

Bacterial swabs should be taken prior to prescribing antibiotics for bacterial conjunctivitis. True/False?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What is the main topical antibiotic for bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 6

Chloramphenicol

Question 7

When must chloramphenicol be avoided?

Answer 7

History of aplastic anaemia

Allergy

Question 8

How does discharge in bacterial conjunctivitis differ from adenoviral conjunctivitis?

Answer 8

Bacterial: sticky
Adenoviral: watery

Question 9

List the 3 main organisms that cause viral conjunctivitis

Answer 9

Herpes simplex
Adenovirus
Herpes zoster

Question 10

When should chlamydial conjunctivitis be suspected?

Answer 10

Unresponsive to treatment/chronic
Bilateral conjunctivitis in young adults
Less discharge + less irritating
Lymphocyte follicles

Question 11

What is hypopyon?

Answer 11

Inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye

Appears as exudate over the eye

Question 12

What type of ulcer can result from viral herpetic keratitis?

Answer 12

Dendritic ulcer

Question 13

Bacterial keratitis usually occurs in association with other corneal disease. True/False?

Answer 13

True

Also contact lens wear

Question 14

Herpetic keratitis should be treated with steroids. True/False?

Answer 14

FALSE

Steroids can cause corneal melt + perforation

Question 15

List symptoms of orbital cellulitis

Answer 15

Painful eye movements
Proptosis
Pyrexia
Swelling
Sight-threatening

Question 16

List the main organisms that cause orbital cellulitis

Answer 16

Staph.
Strep.
Coliforms
H. influenzae
Anaerobes

Question 17

IV antibiotics may be started before culture results in orbital cellulitis. True/False?

Answer 17

True

Broad-spec

Question 18

What is endophthalmitis and how is it usually caused?

Answer 18

Devastating infection inside the eye

Trauma, nail guns, surgery, injections

Question 19

What is the most common organism cause of endophthalmitis?

Answer 19

Staph. epidermidis

Question 20

Outline treatment of endophthalmitis

Answer 20

Intravitreal amikacin + vancomycin

Topical antibiotics

Question 21

List the main causes of chorioretinitis

Answer 21

CMV in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii
Toxocara canis

Question 22

What type of infection is toxoplasmosis?

Answer 22

Protozoan

Question 23

What is toxocara?

Answer 23

Roundworm infection that affects cats/dogs but can spread to humans

Question 24

What is the danger of toxocara?

Answer 24

Can form granules to cause irreversible visual loss

Question 25

What are the 3 main types of eye swabs?

Answer 25

Bacterial
Viral
Chlamydial

Question 26

What investigation may be done for bacterial keratitis?

Answer 26

Corneal scrape

Question 27

What investigation may be done for endophthalmitis?

Answer 27

Vitreous/aqueous culture

Question 28

When might antivirals be used for eye disease?

Answer 28

Dendritic ulcers of the cornea

Question 29

What is the main treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis?

Answer 29

Topical oxytetracycline