Microbiology 1 Flashcards
Describe the clinical presentation of influenza?
Fever: high, abrupt onset Malaise Myalgia Headache Cough - initially dry, becomes productive Prostration
What organisms classically cause the flu?
Influenza A
Influenza B
What is the transmission of influenza?
By droplets, or through direct contact with resp secretions of someone with the infection.
What are some complications of flu?
- Primary influenzal pneumonia - can be disease of young adults
- Secondary bacterial pneumonia - more common in infants, elderly, pre existing disease etc
- Bronchitis
- Otitis media
How would you treat flu?
Bed rest, fluid, paracetamol
Antivirals - oseltamivir, zanamivir
How would you confirm/diagnose influenza?
PCR - nasopharyngeal swab, throat swab
Antibody detection - bloods
How can you prevent flu (vaccines)?
Killed vaccine - given annually
Live vaccine - offed to children usually (Intra-nasally)
What could be some other causes of CAP?
Bacterial causes such as mycoplasma pneumonia, coxiella brunetti, chlamydia
How would you usually detect/confirm atypical pneumonia’s like Chlamoydophila psittaci?
By serology - bloods
Virus detection - PCR
What is the most common cause of CAP?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Person to person spread
Describe coxiella burnetii? (Q-fever)
Uncommon
Can cause pneumonia, and pyrexia of unknown origin (Q fever)
Describe Chlamidiophila psittaci?
Uncommon
Caught from pets and birds
Headache and fever
Treat with Doxycycline
Describe the clinical presentation of bronchiolitis?
Fever
Coryza
Cough
Wheeze
What is Bronchiolitis?
Bronchiolitis is inflammation of the bronchioles, the smallest air passages of the lungs.
What are some complications of bronchiolitis?
Resp and cardiac failure
How do you detect bronchiolitis?
PCR - Throat/pernasal swabs
Describe Metapneumovirus?
Most children antibody positive by age 5
found in a wide range of ages
May be second only to RSV in bronchiolitis
Similar symptoms to RSV in both children and adults
Range of severity from mild to requiring ventilation
Confirm with PCR
Describe Chlamydia trachomatis?
STI which can cause infantile pneumonia
diagnosed by PCR on urine of mother or pernasal / throat swabs of child
Describe Chlamoydophila pneumoniae?
person to person (formerly Chlamydia pneumoniae)
mostly mild respiratory infections
may be picked up by test for Psittacosis
