Microbiolgy Lecture 9 Flashcards
What is nomenclature?
Determining names for groups of organisms
What are the limitations of phenetic classification?
No information on how organisms are evolutionarily related
Not all organisms that are phenotypically similar are genetically similar (and vice versa)
What causes the differences between bacteria?
Absence or presence of genes
What are serovars?
Strains that differ antigenically (what surface molecules they have that immune system can see)
What is the purpose of redox reactions?
Use movement of electrons to release energy, which would later be used to make ATP
What do organisms break down for energy?
organic molecules
Chemoorganoheterotrophs break down organic molecules (ie glucose) through what?
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Fermentation
What are three items that are broken down during respiration?
Amino acids
Sugars
Fatty acids
What process breaks down sugars?
Glycolysis
They all converge to what?
TCA or citric acid cycle
What are the three glycotic pathways (3 pathways used to break down glucose into pyruvate)
Embden meyerhoff pathway (glycolysis)
Etner doudoroff pathway
Pentose phosphate pathway
Pyruvate is later broken into what?
Acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA breaks down during when?
Citric acid cycle
What do both glycolytic pathways and citric acid cycle do?
Add electrons to electron carriers
Why is aerobic respiration able to generate more ATP than anaerobic respiration?
The reason is because Aerobic respiration has O2 as the final electron acceptor while anaerobic respiration has an inorganic molecule as the final electron acceptor. The movement of electrons from better electron donors to better electron acceptors causes more energy to be released, which produces more ATP. Since O2 is a better electron acceptor, it ultimately generates more ATP than the inorganic molecule in anaerobic respiration.
