Microbio- zoonoses + prion disease

Question 1

Definition of zoonoses?

Answer 1

Infections acquired from vertebrate animals

Question 2

3 infections from rats?

Answer 2

Rabies, plague, Hantan viruses

Question 3

5 infections from cats

Answer 3

Bartonellosis, Salmonella, Rabies, Q-fever, Toxoplasmosis

Question 4

5 infections from dogs

Answer 4

Hydatid disease, salmonella, rabies, leptospirosis, ringworm

Question 5

Small ruminants - 3 infections?

Answer 5

Brucellosis, anthrax, Listeria

Question 6

5 infections from cattle?

Answer 6

Toxoplasmosis, bovine TB, E coli 0157, anthrax, brucellosis

Question 7

4 infections from birds

Answer 7

Psittacosis
Influenza A
West Nile virus
cryptococcus

Question 8

3 infections - Water sports associated

Answer 8

Leptospirosis
Hep A
Giardia

Question 9

Brucella - what kinda bacteria is it? How is ti transmitted? Which animals?

Answer 9

Gram -ve aerobic bacilli
Facultative intracellular

Transmitted by consumption of untreated dairy.
RUMINANTS + PIGS

Question 10

Undulant fever, spinal tenderness, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly +consumption of shit dairy

Answer 10

Brucellosis

Question 11

Serology results +ve for brucellosis?

Answer 11

anti-O-polysaccharide antibody

Question 12

Treatment of brucellosis

Answer 12

Tetracycline or doxycycline, combined with streptomycin

Question 13

Negri bodies

Answer 13

Rabies

Question 14

Rabies - serology? Treatment?

Answer 14

ELISA for specific IgM, or RT-PCR

Rabies IgG post-exposure

Question 15

Plague - what is the bacteria involved?

How is it transmitted?

Answer 15

Bacteria = Yersinia Pestis

In rats, transmitted by fleas

Question 16

Ingestion of unpasteurised milk –> fever which comes and goes + back pain.

Dx? Ix? Tx?

Answer 16

Dx: Brucellosis
Ix: - anti-O-polysaccharide antibody
Tx: - Tetracycline + streptomycin

Question 17

Which zoonosis is excreted in dog/rat urine?

Answer 17

Leptospirosis

Question 18

Painless round black lesions + rim of oedema

Answer 18

Cutaneous anthrax

Question 19

Rash seen in Lyme disease?

Answer 19

Erythema chronicum migrans

Question 20

Lyme disease: early stage of illness? Late stage of illness?

Answer 20

Early stage: flu-like, nerve palsies, arthritis, carditis

Late stage: encephalopathy, arthritis

Question 21

Tx of lyme disease?

Answer 21

2-3 weeks of doxy

Question 22

4 types of leishmania disease?

Answer 22

Cutaneous
Diffuse cutaenous
Visceral (Kala-Azar)
Mucocutaneous

Question 23

Diff between lesions seen in diffuse cutaneous vs mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Answer 23

Diffuse cutaneous: NO ULCERS

Mucocutaneous: ulcers in mouth/nose (mucus membranes)

Question 24

Vector of leishmaniasis?

Answer 24

Sandfly

Question 25

Prion disease - on which chromosome is the prion protein gene? which codon is important?

Answer 25

Chromosome 20 | Codon 129

Question 26

which polymorphism is most associated with prion disease?

Answer 26

MM on codon 129

Question 27

Most common form of prion disease?

Answer 27

Sporadic CJD

Question 28

Disease course of sporadic CJD?

Answer 28

Rapidly progressive ataxia + amnesia + myoclonic jerks + LMN signs. Death in 6 months

Question 29

Post mortem findings in sporadic CJD - give 2

Answer 29

- PrP amyloid plaques | - Spongiform vacuolation

Question 30

In what form of CJD is tonsillar biopsy super useful?

Answer 30

Variant CJD | - Tonsillar biopsy is 100% sensitive + specific

Question 31

MRI shows posterior thalamus is highlighted. Which form of CJD is most likely?

Answer 31

variant CJD

Question 32

What polymorphism is seen in all cases of variant CJD?

Answer 32

MM on codon 129

Question 33

Typical course of symptoms in variant CJD?

Answer 33

Initially PSYCH: anxiety, paranoia, hallucinations | Then, neuro: ataxia, myoclonus

Question 34

WTF is Kuru

Answer 34

Papua New Guinea - exposure to CJD from cannibalistic feasts - Progressive cerebellar syndrome following 45 year incubation period

Question 35

Autosomal dominant inherited condition where insomnia and paranoia leads to hallucinations and weight loss and mutism

Answer 35

Fatal familial insomnia