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Gender V And VI > MicroBio Chapter 13 > Flashcards

MicroBio Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

The invasion or colonization of the body by microorganisms

A

Infection

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2
Q

Occurs when an infection results in the change of the state of health and when signs and symptoms appear

A

Disease

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3
Q

True or False

All infections result in disease

A

False

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4
Q

Exists if two variables appear to be related by a mathematical relationship

A

Association

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5
Q

Magnitude of one variable appears o move in the opposite direction of the other associated variable

A

Negative association (Inverse relationship)

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6
Q

Magnitude of both variable move in the same direction

A

Positive Association (Direct relationship)

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7
Q

The combination of necessary and sufficient factors that results in disease

A

Casue

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8
Q

A set of 4 criteria to be met before the relationship between a particular infectious agent and a particular disease is accepted as casual.

A

Koch’s Postulate (1877)

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9
Q

A set of 9 criteria that each contribute a different amount of strength and likelihood that a relationship between a potential risk factor and a disease is casual

A

Hill’s Criteria of Causation (1965)

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10
Q

Koch’s Postulate

A
  1. The microorganism must be present in all the cases of the disease
  2. The pathogen can be isolated from the host and grown in pure culture
  3. The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal
  4. The pathogen must be reisolated from the new host and shown to be the same as the originally introduce pathogen
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11
Q

Hill’ Criteria of Causation

A

S TRENGTH
C ONSISTENCY
S PECIFITY
T EMPORILTY
B IOLOGICAL GRADIENT
P LAUSIBIITY
C OHERENCE
E EXPERMINET
A NALOGY

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12
Q

A small association does not mean there is not a casual effect. Though larger association means more likely casual effect

A

Strength

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13
Q

This model of disease has 3 components

A

Epidemiological triad

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14
Q

3 components of epidemiological triad

A
  1. External agent
  2. Components
  3. Environmental factors
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15
Q

Can be any microorganism that must be present for a disease to occur

A

Infectious agents

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16
Q

Intrinsic factors that influence an individual’s exposure. i.e age, race, sex

A

Host Factors

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17
Q

Are extrinsic factors which affect agent and the host and the opportunity of exposure

A

Environmental factors

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18
Q

Is the passing of a communicable disease from an infected host

A

Disease transmission

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19
Q

Dynamics of Disease transmission

A

Source of reservoir - modes of transmission - Susceptible host

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20
Q

The person, animal or object from which an infectious agent passes or is dessimenated to the host

A

Source

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21
Q

Any person animal, or substance in which infectious agents lives and multiplies, and depends for survival

A

Reservoir

22
Q

Types of Reservoir

A
  1. Human
  2. Animals
  3. Non-living thing
23
Q

A person identified as having a particular disease under investigation

A

Case

24
Q

An infected person that specific infectious agent in the absence of clinical disease and serves as a potential source of infection

A

Carrier

25
Q

The organism causing infectiom

A

Pathogen

26
Q

The infected person or animal carrying the pathogen

A

Host

27
Q

he method the pathogen uses to leave the body of the host

A

Exit

28
Q

How the pathogens is transferred from host to susceptible person

A

Transmission

29
Q

The environment in which the transmission of the pathogen take place

A

Environment

30
Q

The method the pathogen uses to enter the body of the host

A

Entry

31
Q

A potential future host

A

Susceptible person or animal

32
Q

Conditions required for infection to spread

A
  1. One person must be infected with a microorganism
  2. The other person must be susceptible to infection
  3. The microorganism must be able to leave the body of the infected and enter the body of the susceptible
33
Q

The time between infection agent and onset infectiousness

A

Latency period

34
Q

The time between infection and onset of symptoms

A

Incubation period

35
Q

The ability of microbe to cause disease

A

Pathogenicity

36
Q

The degree of pathogenicity in a microorganism

A

Virulence

37
Q

An infection characterized by sudden onset, rapid progression, and often sever symptoms

A

Acute infection

38
Q

An infection characterized by delayed onset and slow progression

A

Chronic infection

39
Q

An infection that develops in on otherwise healthy person

A

Primary infection

40
Q

An infection that develops in an individual who is already infected with a different pathogen

A

Secondary infection

41
Q

An infection restricted to a specific location or region within the body of a host

A

Localized infection

42
Q

An infection that has spread to several regions or areas of the body

A

Systemic infection

43
Q

An infection with few or no obvious symptoms

A

Subclinical infection

44
Q

An infection with obvious symptoms

A

Clinical infection

45
Q

An infection caused by microorganisms that are commonly found in the host’s environment

A

Opportunistic infection

46
Q

The suffix that means presence of infectious agents

A

emia

47
Q

A disease that is normally found ina a certain percentage of the population

A

Endemic disease

48
Q

A disease present in a greater than usual percentage of the population

A

Epidemic disease

49
Q

An epidemic affecting a large geographical area, often on a global scale

A

Pandemic disease

50
Q

Presence of infectious agents on the bloodstream

A

Septicemia

Gender V And VI (6 decks)

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