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Gender V And VI > MicroBio Chapter 10 > Flashcards

MicroBio Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

A treatment the kills all living cells including viruses and spores from a substance or object

A

Sterilization

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2
Q

A treatment that reduces the total number of microbes but does not necessarily kill all of them

A

Disinfection

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3
Q

Reduction of microbial population to levels considered safe by public health standards

A

Sanitation

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4
Q

A mild disinfectant agent suitable for use on skin surfaces

A

Antiseptic

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5
Q

Physical methods of destroying microorganisms

A

H eat
T emperature
D esiccation
O smotic pressure
F filtration
R adiation

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6
Q

Kills microbes by denaturing enzyymes

A

Heat

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7
Q

Lowest temperature to all bacteria in 10 minutes. Used in purifying water

A

Thermal Death Point (TDP)

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8
Q

Based on length of time. 90% of bacterial population killed at a given temperature

A

Decimal Reduction Time (DRT)

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9
Q

Process of preserving heat-sensitive foods. 65 degree Celsius for 30 minutes.

A

Pasteurization

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10
Q

True or false

In low temperatures, bacteria does not die. They just don’t reproduce.

A

True

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11
Q

Burning contaminants

A

Direct flaming

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12
Q

Burns and physically destroys organisms

A

Incineration

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13
Q

Oxidation at 160 deg C for 2 hours or 170 deg C for 1 hour

A

Hot air sterilization

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14
Q

The passage of liquid or gas through a filter with pores small enough to retain microbes

A

Filtration

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15
Q

Filter is made from

A

Nitrocellulose, acetate

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16
Q

Removing water from microbes

A

Dessication

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17
Q

Freeze drying is also known as

A

Lyophilization

18
Q

Application of high amount of sugar and salt to induce plasmolysis

A

High osmotic pressure

19
Q

Use of ionizing and non-ionizing waves to kill bacteria

A

Radiation

20
Q

Such as gamma rays and high energy electron beam that can disrupt DNA

A

Ionizing radiation

21
Q

An example is UV light, can only penetrate outer surfaces

A

Non-ionizing radiation

22
Q

Another name for carbolic acid/lysol. It injures the plasma membrane and denatures proteins. Used by Joseph Lister

A

Phenols and Phenolics

23
Q

Can b used alone or in solution buy inactivated with sunlight. It inactivate enzymes and cell components

A

Halogens

24
Q

Denatures proteins and dissolve lipids but is not effective against endospores

A

Alcohol

25
Q

Includes soap and detergents for skin degerming

A

Surface Active Agents

26
Q

Examples re sorbic acid for inhibiting fungus, Nitrate salts to preserve meats and calcium propionate to prevent germination of clostridium

A

Chemical food preservatives

27
Q

Examples are silver and mercury for germicidal, copper sulfate for algicide and zinc oxide as antifungal

A

Heavy Metals

28
Q

They are antimicrobial compounds which inactivate proteins. Formaldehyde is an example

A

Aldehydes

29
Q

Chemicals produced by microorganisms that inhibit growth or kills other microorganisms

A

Antibiotics

30
Q

Chemical substances from biological source or produced by chemical synthesis that kills micoorganisms

A

Antimicrobial agents

31
Q

Antibiotic from mainly fungal sources

A

Natural

32
Q

antibiotic that is chemically-altered natural compounds

A

Semi-synthetic

33
Q

Antibiotic that is chemically designed in the lab

A

Synthetic

34
Q

An ideal antibacterial agent is

A

Has selective target
Bactericidal
HIgh therapeutic index ratio of toxic level to therapeutic level)

35
Q

Inhibitors of cell wall syntheis

A

Beta-lactams (dirupts NAM-NAG cross linking)
Glycopeptide (effective against gram-positive bacteria

36
Q

How bacteria resist antibiotics

A

1.Restrict access of the antibiotic
2.Get rid of the antibiotic or antifungal
3. Change or destroy the antibiotic
4.Change the targets of the antibiotic or antifungal
5. Bypass the effects of the antibiotic

37
Q

Inhibitors of NA synthesis

A

Quinolones (targets topoisomerases)

38
Q

Inhibits membrane function

A

Polymyxin (membrane phospholipid), Antimetabolites

39
Q

Inhibitors of Protein syntheis

A

Aminoglycosides (bactericidal)
Tetracycline (active against mycoplasmas)
Macrolides (active against h.pylori)
Chloramphenicol (active against rickettsiae

40
Q

They interfere with ribosomes

A

Inhibitors of protein synthesis

Gender V And VI (6 decks)

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