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209 Clin Path > Microbio - Cell Metaboolism > Flashcards

Microbio - Cell Metaboolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism? 

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

What are the two classes of metabolism?

A

Ones that release energy and those that require energy 

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3
Q

Match
Catabolism
anabolism

A. Is the building of complex molecules from simple ones, requires energy.
B. Is the breakdown of complex organic compounds into smaller ones, don’t require energy

A

Anabolism =
A.Is the building of complex molecules from simple ones, requires energy.

B. = catabolism
Is the breakdown of complex organic compounds into smaller ones, don’t require energy

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4
Q

T/f for catabolism
1. Doesn’t require water
2. breaks down chemical bonds by water
3. is anorganic 

A
  1. False - does require water
  2. True
  3. False = are exergonic ( rel of h20)
    
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5
Q

Which one is an example of catabolism
A. The formation  of fat from triglycerides. 
B. The formation of proteins from amino acids. 
C. Cells break down sugars into carbon dioxide and water.

A

C. Cells break down sugars into carbon dioxide and water.

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6
Q

T/F
For anabolism
- they won’t release water
- doesn’t require energy
- are endergonic

A

False - will release water
F - Requires energy 
True

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7
Q

What is an example of anabolism

A. The breakdown of proteins from amino acids 
B . The formation of fats by triglycerides. 
C formation of proteins from amino acids 
D. B & C


A

B & C

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8
Q

What does catabolism and anabolism deal with _____ in the consumption and release 

A

Energy

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9
Q

What is known as the currency of the cell?
A. ATP
B. Chloroplast. 
C. None
D. DNA

A

ATP

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10
Q

Match
-energy release
- Energy useage
A . ADP + Pį + energy > ATP
Or
B. ATP > ADP + Pį + energy

A

A .
ADP + Pį + energy > ATP = energy usage

B.
ATP > ADP + Pį + energy = energy rel

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11
Q

State which equation is catabolism or anabolism

ATP > ADP + Pį + energy = energy rel is

ADP + Pį + energy > ATP = energy usage is

A

ATP > ADP + Pį + energy = energy rel is catabolism

ADP + Pį + energy > ATP = energy usage is Anabolism

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12
Q

Does anobolism require energy or not? 

A

Yes

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13
Q

T/ F
Catabolism and Anabolism ism are the rearrangements of chemical bonds 

A

True

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14
Q

T/F
Chemical bonds are broken into metabolic reactions 

A

False
Also , formed for M.R

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15
Q

What assists in chemical reactions______
& directed by _________ theory 

A

Enzymes & collision theory 

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16
Q

Explain the collision theory 

A

It is the breakdown or build up a bonds

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17
Q

O + O = what type of reaction ____
Carbon to oxygen =
______ ____ formation

A

O + O = what type of reaction _____ no reaction

Carbon to oxygen =
more Co2 formation

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18
Q

What are the two factors effecting collision 

A

Velocity And chemical configuration

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19
Q

Define velocity and chemical configuration

A

V = the faster an object moves, the more energy it contains
CC= the arrangement of electrons in the molecule

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20
Q

Give the definitions for activation energy and reaction rate

A

AE= the amount of energy needed to disrupt an electron configuration, so that a reaction occurs

RR= the frequency of collisions containing sufficient energy to start a reaction

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21
Q

By knowing the activation energy, it allows us to determine what 

A

Reaction rate

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22
Q

T/ F
Reaction rate is dependent on the number of reactant molecules at or above the activation energy 

A

True

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23
Q

How can the reaction rate be increased?
A. Pressure.
B. Speed
C. Temperature.
D. A & C

A

D. Temperature and pressure. 

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24
Q

Explain how temperature increases the reaction rate 

A

By providing more energy to the molecules, which speeds them up 

25
Q

Explain how pressure increases the reaction rate 

A

Forces the molecules into a smaller space, causing more collisions 

26
Q

Fill in the blank

Enzymes _______ the activation energy of a reaction 
A. Increase
B. Lower
C. Eliminate

A

B . Lower

27
Q

T/ F
Enzymes are not catalysts

A

False
They are

28
Q

T/ F
Enzymes speed up a chemical reaction without being altered 

A

True

29
Q

T/ F for both (-)
Enzyme are -specific and catalyze -multiple reactions 

A

T . They are specific. F. Can only catalyze one reaction

30
Q

Match
Enzymes act on a specific substance called
A. Activator
B. Substrate
C . Concentrator
D. Subset

A

B. Substrate. 

31
Q

T/ F
Enzymes bind up with a substance in a way that will slightly increase the probability of a reaction

A

F.
WILL increase the probability of a reaction

32
Q

T/F
1. Enzymes are larger, globular proteins with a specific 3D shape optimized for binding substrate. 
2. Enzymes bind their substrate in 2 specific regions on them, called the activation sites. 
3. They usually exit in the cell in both active and inactive forms which are dependent on the cells environment.

A
  1. Enzymes are larger, globular proteins with a specific 3D shape optimized for binding substrate. = True
  2. Enzymes bind their substrate in 2 specific regions on them, called the activation sites
    False = only in one specific region
  3. They usually exit in the cell in both active and inactive forms which are dependent on the cells environment.
    True
33
Q

What are the three factors that can affect enzyme activity?

A

Temperature, pH, substrate, concentration 

34
Q

T/ F
Enzymes can catalyze many reactions

A

False
Only 1

35
Q

How can one enzyme break down many complex sugars? 

A

With multiple enzymes

36
Q

What are the two types of inhibitors called? 

A

Competitive and noncompetitive

37
Q

What is the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors? 

A

Competitive inhibitors = fill in the activation site of the enzyme and compete with substrate for the active site 
Noncompetitive inhibitors = bind with another part of the enzyme, which change their shape and activation site

38
Q

What is it called when a noncompetitive inhibitor binds with another part of the enzyme which changes the shape of the activation site? 

A

Allosteric inhibition 

39
Q

T/F
When a noncompetitive inhibitor binds on another part of the enzyme, it does not change the shape 

A

False
It does shape change

40
Q

T/ F
A competitive inhibitor fills in the activation site of an enzyme, and needs a specific molecule to compete with the substrate for the activation site

A

False - does not need a specific molecule to compete

41
Q

Simply define feedback inhibition

A

Is the bodies response to too much of something and tells it when to stop. 

42
Q

Fill in the blank

feedback inhibition occurs through the use of the _____ _______ as an ______

A

feedback inhibition occurs through the use of the > enzyme product
as an > inhibitor

43
Q

T/F
For feedback inhibition
1. These are typically non-competitive inhibitors . 
2. This process does not prevent the cell from wasting resources on more products than it needs. 
3. Usually occurs in a chain reaction which temporarily stops the first enzyme in the cascade. 

A
  1. These are typically non-competitive inhibitors . = T
  2. This process does not prevent the cell from wasting resources on more products than it needs= F
  3. Usually occurs in a chain reaction which temporarily stops the first enzyme in the cascade. = F
    - stops the first enzyme  but not temp
44
Q

 Define redox reactions

A

Redox reactions are coupled, so that when any substance is being oxidized, then another is being reduced at the same time 

45
Q

Fill in for redox rx

  1. The molecule that looses electrons is ______
  2. The molecule that gains electrons is ________
A
  1. The molecule that
    Looses electrons is OXIDIZED
  2. The molecule that gains electrons is REDUCED
46
Q

What do these mnemonics mean?
OIL RIG

A

OIL = oxidation is losing 
RIG= reduced is gaining 

47
Q

What are the three processes that redox reactions are used for? 

A

Photosynthesis, respiration and fermentation 

48
Q

Match - letter to number

Q. What is the difference between
A. Photosynthesis
B. respiration
C . fermentation

  1. Requires oxygen
  2. Another process by which organic compounds can be broken down to release energy.
    3 . A chemical process that occurs in plants, algae, and some types of bacteria, when they are exposed to sunlight.
A
  1. Requires oxygen = B. respiration
  2. Another process by which organic compounds can be broken down to release energy= C . fermentation
    3 . A chemical process that occurs in plants, algae, and some types of bacteria, when they are exposed to sunlight.=
    A. Photosynthesis
49
Q

T/ F
1. Cells use redox reactions for the generation of energy. 
2. NAD+ accepts, hellium removed from the substrates of enzymes becoming NADH
3. NADH has less energy than NAD+
4. Highly reduced compounds, contain a little bit of potential energy. 

A
  1. Cells use redox reactions for the generation of energy.
    • True
  2. NAD+ accepts, hellium removed from the substrates of enzymes becoming NADH
    • false = accept Hydrogen
  3. NADH has less energy than NAD+
    • false = NADH has MORE energy than NAD+
  4. Highly reduced compounds, contain a little bit of potential energy.
    • false = they contain a lot of potential energy 
50
Q

Q. Fill in

In the cell energy is captured and stored in the form of _____

A

ATP

51
Q

What is the formula for ATP?
1. POį + ADP + P = energy
2. ATP + H + energy= ATP 
3. ADP + Pį + energy = ATP

A
  1. ADP + Pį + energy = ATP
52
Q

What are the two ways ATP is generated 

A

Substrate level phosphorylation, and oxidative phosphorylation 

53
Q

What is the difference between
Substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation

A

SLP= phosphoryl group is transferred from a substrate to ADP or GDP to form ATP

OP= electron chain transp

54
Q

Match if it’s
A. Enzyme
B. O2

  1. Substrate level phosphorylation uses ________
  2. oxidative phosphorylation uses _______
A
  1. Substrate level phosphorylation uses
    • ENZYMES
  2. oxidative phosphorylation uses
    • O2
55
Q

This formula C-C-C-P + ADP> C-C-C + ATP
is an example of which

A. substrate level phosphorylation B. oxidative phosphorylation

A

SLP

56
Q

Match
A. Substrate level phosphorylation
B. oxidative phosphorylation 

  1. Electrons are transferred from an organic compound to a series of electron carriers.
  2. Occurs when a P is transferred from a phosphorylated compound to ADP.
A
  1. Electrons are transferred from an organic compound to a series of electron carriers. = OP
  2. Occurs when a P is transferred from a phosphorylated compound to ADP.
    = SLP
57
Q

T/F
As electrons are passed from carrier to carrier, they release energy


A

True

58
Q

How does oxidative phosphorylation generate ATP 

A

As electrons are passed from carrier to carrier they release energy, which is used to attach an organic phosphate to ADP 

209 Clin Path (3 decks)

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