Microbio - Cell Metaboolism Flashcards
What is the sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism? 
Metabolism
What are the two classes of metabolism?
Ones that release energy and those that require energy 
Match
Catabolism
anabolism
A. Is the building of complex molecules from simple ones, requires energy.
B. Is the breakdown of complex organic compounds into smaller ones, don’t require energy
Anabolism =
A.Is the building of complex molecules from simple ones, requires energy.
B. = catabolism
Is the breakdown of complex organic compounds into smaller ones, don’t require energy
T/f for catabolism
1. Doesn’t require water
2. breaks down chemical bonds by water
3. is anorganic 
- False - does require water
- True
- False = are exergonic ( rel of h20)

Which one is an example of catabolism
A. The formation  of fat from triglycerides. 
B. The formation of proteins from amino acids. 
C. Cells break down sugars into carbon dioxide and water.
C. Cells break down sugars into carbon dioxide and water.
T/F
For anabolism
- they won’t release water
- doesn’t require energy
- are endergonic
False - will release water
F - Requires energy 
True
What is an example of anabolism
A. The breakdown of proteins from amino acids 
B . The formation of fats by triglycerides. 
C formation of proteins from amino acids 
D. B & C

B & C
What does catabolism and anabolism deal with _____ in the consumption and release 
Energy
What is known as the currency of the cell?
A. ATP
B. Chloroplast. 
C. None
D. DNA
ATP
Match
-energy release
- Energy useage
A . ADP + Pį + energy > ATP
Or
B. ATP > ADP + Pį + energy
A .
ADP + Pį + energy > ATP = energy usage
B.
ATP > ADP + Pį + energy = energy rel
State which equation is catabolism or anabolism
ATP > ADP + Pį + energy = energy rel is
ADP + Pį + energy > ATP = energy usage is
ATP > ADP + Pį + energy = energy rel is catabolism
ADP + Pį + energy > ATP = energy usage is Anabolism
Does anobolism require energy or not? 
Yes
T/ F
Catabolism and Anabolism ism are the rearrangements of chemical bonds 
True
T/F
Chemical bonds are broken into metabolic reactions 
False
Also , formed for M.R
What assists in chemical reactions______
& directed by _________ theory 
Enzymes & collision theory 
Explain the collision theory 
It is the breakdown or build up a bonds
O + O = what type of reaction ____
Carbon to oxygen =
______ ____ formation
O + O = what type of reaction _____ no reaction
Carbon to oxygen =
more Co2 formation
What are the two factors effecting collision 
Velocity And chemical configuration
Define velocity and chemical configuration
V = the faster an object moves, the more energy it contains
CC= the arrangement of electrons in the molecule
Give the definitions for activation energy and reaction rate
AE= the amount of energy needed to disrupt an electron configuration, so that a reaction occurs
RR= the frequency of collisions containing sufficient energy to start a reaction
By knowing the activation energy, it allows us to determine what 
Reaction rate
T/ F
Reaction rate is dependent on the number of reactant molecules at or above the activation energy 
True
How can the reaction rate be increased?
A. Pressure.
B. Speed
C. Temperature.
D. A & C
D. Temperature and pressure. 
Explain how temperature increases the reaction rate 
By providing more energy to the molecules, which speeds them up 
Explain how pressure increases the reaction rate 
Forces the molecules into a smaller space, causing more collisions 
Fill in the blank
Enzymes _______ the activation energy of a reaction 
A. Increase
B. Lower
C. Eliminate
B . Lower
T/ F
Enzymes are not catalysts
False
They are
T/ F
Enzymes speed up a chemical reaction without being altered 
True
T/ F for both (-)
Enzyme are -specific and catalyze -multiple reactions 
T . They are specific. F. Can only catalyze one reaction
Match
Enzymes act on a specific substance called
A. Activator
B. Substrate
C . Concentrator
D. Subset
B. Substrate. 
T/ F
Enzymes bind up with a substance in a way that will slightly increase the probability of a reaction
F.
WILL increase the probability of a reaction
T/F
1. Enzymes are larger, globular proteins with a specific 3D shape optimized for binding substrate. 
2. Enzymes bind their substrate in 2 specific regions on them, called the activation sites. 
3. They usually exit in the cell in both active and inactive forms which are dependent on the cells environment.
- Enzymes are larger, globular proteins with a specific 3D shape optimized for binding substrate. = True
- Enzymes bind their substrate in 2 specific regions on them, called the activation sites
False = only in one specific region - They usually exit in the cell in both active and inactive forms which are dependent on the cells environment.
True
What are the three factors that can affect enzyme activity?
Temperature, pH, substrate, concentration 
T/ F
Enzymes can catalyze many reactions
False
Only 1
How can one enzyme break down many complex sugars? 
With multiple enzymes
What are the two types of inhibitors called? 
Competitive and noncompetitive
What is the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors? 
Competitive inhibitors = fill in the activation site of the enzyme and compete with substrate for the active site 
Noncompetitive inhibitors = bind with another part of the enzyme, which change their shape and activation site
What is it called when a noncompetitive inhibitor binds with another part of the enzyme which changes the shape of the activation site? 
Allosteric inhibition 
T/F
When a noncompetitive inhibitor binds on another part of the enzyme, it does not change the shape 
False
It does shape change
T/ F
A competitive inhibitor fills in the activation site of an enzyme, and needs a specific molecule to compete with the substrate for the activation site
False - does not need a specific molecule to compete
Simply define feedback inhibition
Is the bodies response to too much of something and tells it when to stop. 
Fill in the blank
feedback inhibition occurs through the use of the _____ _______ as an ______
feedback inhibition occurs through the use of the > enzyme product
as an > inhibitor
T/F
For feedback inhibition
1. These are typically non-competitive inhibitors . 
2. This process does not prevent the cell from wasting resources on more products than it needs. 
3. Usually occurs in a chain reaction which temporarily stops the first enzyme in the cascade. 
- These are typically non-competitive inhibitors . = T
- This process does not prevent the cell from wasting resources on more products than it needs= F
- Usually occurs in a chain reaction which temporarily stops the first enzyme in the cascade. = F
- stops the first enzyme  but not temp
 Define redox reactions
Redox reactions are coupled, so that when any substance is being oxidized, then another is being reduced at the same time 
Fill in for redox rx
- The molecule that looses electrons is ______
- The molecule that gains electrons is ________
- The molecule that
Looses electrons is OXIDIZED - The molecule that gains electrons is REDUCED
What do these mnemonics mean?
OIL RIG
OIL = oxidation is losing 
RIG= reduced is gaining 
What are the three processes that redox reactions are used for? 
Photosynthesis, respiration and fermentation 
Match - letter to number
Q. What is the difference between
A. Photosynthesis
B. respiration
C . fermentation
- Requires oxygen
- Another process by which organic compounds can be broken down to release energy.
3 . A chemical process that occurs in plants, algae, and some types of bacteria, when they are exposed to sunlight.
- Requires oxygen = B. respiration
- Another process by which organic compounds can be broken down to release energy= C . fermentation
3 . A chemical process that occurs in plants, algae, and some types of bacteria, when they are exposed to sunlight.=
A. Photosynthesis
T/ F
1. Cells use redox reactions for the generation of energy. 
2. NAD+ accepts, hellium removed from the substrates of enzymes becoming NADH
3. NADH has less energy than NAD+
4. Highly reduced compounds, contain a little bit of potential energy. 
- Cells use redox reactions for the generation of energy.
• True - NAD+ accepts, hellium removed from the substrates of enzymes becoming NADH
• false = accept Hydrogen - NADH has less energy than NAD+
• false = NADH has MORE energy than NAD+ - Highly reduced compounds, contain a little bit of potential energy.
• false = they contain a lot of potential energy 
Q. Fill in
In the cell energy is captured and stored in the form of _____
ATP
What is the formula for ATP?
1. POį + ADP + P = energy
2. ATP + H + energy= ATP 
3. ADP + Pį + energy = ATP
- ADP + Pį + energy = ATP
What are the two ways ATP is generated 
Substrate level phosphorylation, and oxidative phosphorylation 
What is the difference between
Substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
SLP= phosphoryl group is transferred from a substrate to ADP or GDP to form ATP
OP= electron chain transp
Match if it’s
A. Enzyme
B. O2
- Substrate level phosphorylation uses ________
- oxidative phosphorylation uses _______
- Substrate level phosphorylation uses
• ENZYMES - oxidative phosphorylation uses
• O2
This formula C-C-C-P + ADP> C-C-C + ATP
is an example of which
A. substrate level phosphorylation B. oxidative phosphorylation
SLP
Match
A. Substrate level phosphorylation
B. oxidative phosphorylation 
- Electrons are transferred from an organic compound to a series of electron carriers.
- Occurs when a P is transferred from a phosphorylated compound to ADP.
- Electrons are transferred from an organic compound to a series of electron carriers. = OP
- Occurs when a P is transferred from a phosphorylated compound to ADP.
= SLP
T/F
As electrons are passed from carrier to carrier, they release energy

True
How does oxidative phosphorylation generate ATP 
As electrons are passed from carrier to carrier they release energy, which is used to attach an organic phosphate to ADP 
