microbio Flashcards
give the 3 DNA characteristics of eukaryotes
DNA in nucleus, surrounded by membrane
DNA in several chromosomes
DNA associated with histones and nonhistone proteins
Algae, fungi, protozoa are examples of
eukaryotes
First living cells were
prokaryotes
states that organelles inside eukaryotic cells arose from engulfed prokaryotic cells
Endosymbiotic theory:
Ancestors of mitochondria were
O2-requiring bacteria
Ancestors of chloroplasts were
photosynthetic bacteria
the 5 common External Structures of eukaryotes are
Flagella
Cilia
Glycocalyx
Cell Wall (fungi)
Plasma membrane
A Polysaccharide composed of fibers, capsule or slime layer
Glycocalyx
the cell wall of algae is composed of
cellulose, pectin, mannans, SiO2, CaCO3
the cell wall of most fungi is composed of
chitin (poly NAG)
the cell wall of yeasts is composed of
glucan and mannan
the cell wall of protozoa is composed of
pellicle instead of cell wall
Internal Structures of eukaryotes
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum / ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Cytoskeleton
most prominent organelle of eucaryotic cell
nucleus
an internal structure by which the nuclear envelope is composed of two parallel membranes separated by a narrow space & is perforated with pores
nucleus
an internal structure that contains chromosomes
nucleus
dark area for rRNA synthesis & ribosome assembly
nucleolus
originates from the outer membrane of the nuclear envelop & extends in a continuous network through cytoplasm
RER
First step in secretory pathway.
proteins are synthesized & shunted into the ER for packaging & transport
closed tubular network without ribosomes, functions in nutrient processing, synthesis & storage of lipids, membrane (lipids) etc.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
functions for transport and modification of compounds
Golgi body
vesicles containing enzymes
Lysosomes
involved in intracellular digestion of food particles & in protection against invading microbes
Lysosomes
folds of mitochondria are called
cristae
consists of an outer membrane & an inner membrane with folds called cristae
Mitochondria
it holds the enzymes & electron carriers of areobic respiration
cristae
TRUE OR FALSE: Chloroplasts are larger than mitochondria
TRUE
primary producers of organic nutrients for other organisms
Chloroplasts
flexible framework of proteins, microfilaments & microtubules form network throughout cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
involved in movement of cytoplasm, ameboid movement, transport, & structural support
cytoskeleton
TRUE OR FALSE: Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger than procaryotic ribosomes
TRUE
ribosomes are composed of
rRNA and proteins
Eukaryotic “Microbes” includes
Fungi
Protists
Algae
Protozoan parasites
Helminths (multicellular animals)
Largest living beings
Fungi
____ are long filaments
hyphae
TRUE OR FALSE: Fungi Are Dimorphic
TRUE
Fungi Are Dimorphic because:
it has yeastlike and moldlike growth
fungal reproduction are primarily through ______ formed on special reproductive hyphae
spores
spores are formed through budding or in conidia or sporangiospores
asexual reproduction
spores are formed following fusion of male & female strains & formation of sexual structure
sexual reproduction