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chap5 Flashcards

1
Q

a rising parcel of air

A

expands and cools

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2
Q

a sinking parcel

A

compresses and warms

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2
Q

If a parcel of air expands and cools, or compresses and
warms, with no interchange of heat with its outside
surroundings, this situation is called

A

adiabatic process

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3
Q

the rate of adiabatic cooling or warming remains constant and
is about

A

10°C for every 1000 meters

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4
Q

As the rising air cools, its relative humidity

A

increases as the air temperature approaches the
dew-point temperature.

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5
Q

If the rising air cools to
its dew-point temperature

A

the relative humidity becomes 100 percent.

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6
Q

Further lifting results in condensation, a cloud forms, and ________ is released into the rising air.

A

latent heat

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7
Q

Unlike the dry adiabatic rate, the moist adiabatic rate is not
constant, but varies greatly with ___________ and __________

A

temperature and moisture content

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8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: warm saturated air produces more liquid water than cold saturated air

A

TRUE

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9
Q

the moist adiabatic rate is equal to?

A

an average of 6°C per 1000 m.

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10
Q

if the air in a stable atmosphere strongly resists
upward vertical motion, and is forced to rise,
it tends to

A

spread out horizontally

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10
Q

Expected clouds to see in a stable atmosphere

A

cirrostratus, altostratus, nimbostratus, or
stratus

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11
Q

The cooling of the surface air may be due to:

A
  1. nighttime radiational cooling of the surface
  2. an influx of cold surface air brought in by the wind
  3. air moving over a cold surface
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12
Q

If the surface air becomes saturated in a stable
atmosphere, a __________ may
form

A

a persistent layer of haze or fog

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13
Q

The atmosphere is unstable when the
air temperature __________ as we
move up into the atmosphere.

A

decreases rapidly

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14
Q

The warming of the surface air may be due to:

A
  1. daytime solar heating of the surface
  2. influx of warm surface air brought in by the wind
  3. air moving over a warm surface
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15
Q

Instability brought on by the lifting of air is often associated with
the development of

A

severe weather, such as thunderstorms and
tornadoes

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16
Q

The following mechanisms are responsible for the development of the majority of clouds we observe:

A
  1. surface heating and free convection
  2. uplift along topography
  3. widespread ascent due to the flowing together
    (convergence) of surface air
  4. uplift along weather fronts
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17
Q

Forced lifting along a topographic barrier is called

A

orographic uplift

18
Q

The most important factor in the production of raindrops is
the

A

cloud’s liquid water content

19
Q

In a cloud with sufficient water, other significant factors are:

A
  1. The range of droplet sizes
  2. the cloud thickness
  3. the updrafts of the cloud
  4. the electric charge of the droplets and the electric field in
    the cloud
20
Q

Water droplets existing at temperatures below
freezing are referred to as

A

supercooled droplets

21
Q

Examples of excellent ice nuclei’s

A

clay minerals, bacteria in decaying plant leaf
material, and ice crystals

22
Q

The primary goal in cloud seeding is to

A

inject (or seed) a cloud with small particles that will act as nuclei

23
Q

The most common chemicals used for cloud seeding
include

A

salt, silver iodide, potassium iodide and dry ice
(solid carbon dioxide).

24
Q

Aims at speeding up droplet coalescence in
liquid clouds, leading to production of large
droplets that start to precipitate.

A

HYGROSCOPIC CLOUD SEEDING

25
Q

Cloud seeding material consists usually of large salt particles
dispersed by some means to the cloud base.

A

HYGROSCOPIC CLOUD SEEDING

26
Q

Aims to trigger ice production in supercooled clouds,
leading to precipitation.

A

GLACIOGENIC CLOUD SEEDING

27
Q

For it to be considered as rain, the water droplet must have a diameter equal to, or greater than

A

RAIN

28
Q

Fine uniform drops of water whose diameters are
smaller than 0.5 mm is called

A

Drizzle

29
Q

Evaporating streaks of precipitation are called

A

VIRGA

29
Q

Drizzle is mostly from

A

stratus clouds

30
Q

If the updraft weakens or changes direction and becomes a
downdraft , the suspended drops will fall to the ground as a
sudden rain

A

shower

31
Q

The showers falling from cumuliform clouds are usually brief
and sporadic, as the cloud moves overhead and then drifts
on by. If the shower is excessively heavy, it is termed a

A

cloudburst

32
Q

When ice crystals and snowflakes fall from high cirrus clouds
they are called

A

fallstreaks

33
Q

Snow falling from developing cumulus clouds is often in the form
of

A

flurries

34
Q

These are usually light showers that fall intermittently
for short durations and produce only light accumulations.

A

flurries

35
Q

A more intense snow shower is called a

A

snow squall

36
Q

A weather condition characterized by low
temperatures and strong winds (greater than 30 knots)
bearing large amounts of fine, dry, powdery particles of
snow, which can reduce visibility to only a few meters

A

Blizzard

37
Q

partially melted snowflake or cold raindrop turns back into ice, not as a snowflake, but as a tiny transparent (or translucent) ice pellet

A

Sleet

38
Q

The cold surface layer beneath a cloud may be too shallow to freeze raindrops as they fall. In this case, they reach the surface as supercooled liquid drops. This is called

A

FREEZING RAIN OR GLAZE

39
Q

snow grains came from ____ clouds

A

stratus

40
Q

snow pellets came from _____ clouds

A

Cumulus congestus

41
Q

Pieces of ice either transparent or partially opaque, ranging in size from that of small peas to that of golf balls or larger Some are round, and others take on irregular shapes.

A

Hail

42
Q

Hail is produced in a ______ cloud

A

cumulonimbus

43
Q

For a hailstone to grow to golf ball-size, it must
remain in the cloud between

A

5 to 10 minutes

chap5 (3 decks)

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