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CELS191 > Microbial Population Growth > Flashcards

Microbial Population Growth Flashcards

1
Q

What domains are microorganisms found in?

A

All 3 domains but primarily within the prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea)

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2
Q

what is the dominant life form?

A

Prokaryotes

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3
Q

How many bacterial cells estimated to be on earth?

A

5x10^30

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4
Q

What is most life?

A

Microbial

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5
Q

Are microorganism pathogenic?

A

Only a very small fraction

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6
Q

Why are prokaryotes so dominant?

A

Because they are small which means they have a fast growth rate and can therefore evolve and adapt fast

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7
Q

What is binary fission?

A

The cell division process which prokaryotes use to reproduce asexually. 1 cell to 2

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8
Q

What is the result of binary fission?

A

Two cells that are genetically identical

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9
Q

What is the first step of binary fission?

A

Chromosome replication begins

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10
Q

What happens after chromosome replication begins?

A

One copy of the origin is now at each end of the cell

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11
Q

What happens once one copy of the origin is at each end of the cell?

A

Replication finishes

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12
Q

What does closed batch culture system refer to?

A

A form of cell culturing

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13
Q

What is within a closed batch culture system?

A

There is a defined amount of nutrient supply provided and once used, the cells can’t multiply (there is no in flow or out flow of nutrients)

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14
Q

what is closed batch culture system?

A

The standard method of studying microorganisms in culture

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15
Q

What is closed batch culture system dictated by?

A

The method, not the shape of the flask

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16
Q

What is the lag phase?

A

The time between when an organism is first put in the conditions to when biosynthetic reactions begin (growth starts)

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17
Q

What does the length of the lag phase depend on?

A

The history of the organism (whether it has come from same, similar or different conditions)

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18
Q

What is the exponential phase?

A

When cells are actively dividing and nothing is limiting for growth. Population will double in a constant time interval under standard conditions

19
Q

What is stationary phase?

A

When cells stop growing and cryptic growth is observed

20
Q

What is cryptic growth?

A

When organisms survive by consuming lysed cell constituents of other dead cells within the culture. It is not a static population but a dynamic population

21
Q

What is meant by a dynamic population?

A

There is an equilibrium between the death rate and growth rate

22
Q

What is death phase?

A

Cell death. Equilibrium between growing cells and dying cells is skewed to the dead

23
Q

What does batch culture analysis measure?

A

The average behaviour of cells

24
Q

What is penicillin?

A

An antibiotic which kills bacteria by blocking cell wall synthesis, only growing/replicating bacteria are affected

25
Q

Why are persisters insensitive to penicillin?

A

because they are in a dormant, non-dividing phase, similar to that of bacteria in the lag phase of the growth curve, and because penicillin kills bacteria only when they are dividing or about to divide

26
Q

What do prokaryotes need to multiply?

A

Carbon source, energy source and reducing power

27
Q

What is carbon source?

A

Building blocks needed for macromolecular synthesis

28
Q

What is energy source?

A

(Electrons) to drive anabolic and catabolic reactions in a cell

29
Q

What is reducing power?

A

Carriers of energy/electrons (NAD+/NADP+) for transferring energy

30
Q

How do prokaryotes harvest energy?

A

From chemical energy stored in bonds. Broken chemical bonds release energy that can be captured in new bonds (ATP)

31
Q

What is the most common energy currency?

A

ATP

32
Q

What can be done with ATP bonds formed?

A

The can be broken again later to release the energy

33
Q

What is catabolism?

A

Energy generation “energy/building block harvesting”

34
Q

What happens during catabolism?

A

The breakdown of food into products

35
Q

What is anabolism?

A

Energy consumption “energy/building block use”

36
Q

What happens during anabolism?

A

Monomers are built up into macromolecules and other cellular constituents

37
Q

What is the two possible energy sources?

A

Chemical compounds and light

38
Q

What is the prefix if the energy source is light?

A

Photo-

39
Q

What is the prefix if the energy source is chemical compounds?

A

Chemo-

40
Q

What are the two possible carbon sources?

A

Carbon dioxide and organic compounds

41
Q

What is the prefix if the carbon source is carbon dioxide?

A

Auto-

42
Q

What is the prefix if the carbon source is organic compounds?

A

Hetero-

43
Q

What processes may chemoheterotrophs undergo?

A

aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration or fermentation to get energy

CELS191 (23 decks)

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