Cellular Basis for the Spread of Infectious Disease

Question 1

What is the first stage of an infectious disease?

Answer 1

Incubation period

Question 2

What is observed in the incubation period?

Answer 2

No signs or symptoms

Question 3

What is after the incubation period?

Answer 3

Prodromal period

Question 4

What is observed in the prodromal period?

Answer 4

Vague, general symptoms

Question 5

What is after the prodromal period?

Answer 5

Illness

Question 6

What is observed in illness?

Answer 6

Most severe signs and symptoms

Question 7

What is after illness?

Answer 7

Decline

Question 8

What is observed in decline?

Answer 8

Declining signs and symptoms

Question 9

What is after decline?

Answer 9

Convalescence

Question 10

What is observed in convalescence?

Answer 10

No signs or symptoms

Question 11

What is the most infectious stage?

Answer 11

Illness

Question 12

What is epidemiology?

Answer 12

Study of disease transmission

Question 13

What is the first component for the spread of disease?

Answer 13

Causative agent: pathogenic organism

Question 14

What is causative agent: pathogenic organism?

Answer 14

Virus/bacteria/parasite

Question 15

What is after causative agent: pathogenic organism?

Answer 15

Reservoir/source

Question 16

What is reservoir/source?

Answer 16

Human/animal/fomite/food/water

Question 17

What is after reservoir/source?

Answer 17

Means of exit: way out of body

Question 18

What is involved in means of exit: way out of body?

Answer 18

Excretions/secretions/droplets

Question 19

What is after means of exit: way out of the body?

Answer 19

Mode of transmission: method of spread

Question 20

What is mode of transmission: method of spread?

Answer 20

contact/airborne/vector

Question 21

What is after mode of transmission: method of spread?

Answer 21

Portal of entry: way into the body

Question 22

What is portal of entry: way into the body?

Answer 22

Respiratory, GI, GU, Mucous, skin

Question 23

What is after portal of entry: way into the body?

Answer 23

Person at risk

Question 24

What is person at risk?

Answer 24

Young/elderly, immunocompromised

Question 25

How can the chain of infection be broken at the causative agent: pathogenic organism?

Answer 25

Rapid detection and treatment

Question 26

How can the chain of infection be broken at the reservoir/source?

Answer 26

Good hygiene, sterilisation, disinfection

Question 27

How can the chain of infection be broken at the means of exit: way out of the body?

Answer 27

Water removal, disinfection

Question 28

How can the chain of infection be broken at the mode of transmission: method of spread?

Answer 28

Airflow control/ bed spacing

Question 29

How can the chain of transmission be broken at the portal of entry: way into the body?

Answer 29

Aseptic technique, catheter/wound care

Question 30

How can the chain of transmission be broken at the person of risk?

Answer 30

Identifying at risk and targeting them for special care, vaccination and education

Question 31

What is mortality?

Answer 31

The incidence of death in a population

Question 32

What is morbidity?

Answer 32

The incidence of disease, including fatal and nonfatal diseases

Question 33

What is incidence?

Answer 33

Number of new cases of the disease in a given period of time

Question 34

What is prevalence?

Answer 34

Total number of new and existing cases in a population in a given time

Question 35

What is endemic?

Answer 35

The amount of a particular disease that is usually present in a community

Question 36

What is sporadic?

Answer 36

A disease that occurs infrequently or irregularly

Question 37

What is epidemic?

Answer 37

An increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of disease above what is normally expected in tat population in that area

Question 38

What is pandemic?

Answer 38

An epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents usually affecting a large number of people