Microbial: Physiology & Genetics Flashcards
Bacteria is ________ to maintainin the lab
inexpensive
Bacteria is used mostly in laboratory since it reproduce _______
quickly
Bacteria takes up _____ space
little
bacteria has ______observable _______, ________ needs, and ________ reactions.
easily
morphology
nutritional
metabolic
Bacteria ________ each of the _________ types of organisms on earth.
represent
nutritional
they are organism that use light as an energy source.
Phototrophs
these organisms rely on either inorganic or organic chemicals as an energy source
chemotrophs
type of chemotrophs that use inorganic chemicals as an energy source
chemolithotrophs
type of chemotroph that use organic chemicals as an energy source
chemoorganotrophs
what are the terms relating to an organism’s energy source?
phototrophs
chemotrophs
they use carbon dioxide as their sole source of carbon
autotrophs
these organisms use organic compounds other than co2 as carbon source
heterotrophs
what are the terms relating to organisms carbon source
phototrophs
heterotrophs
organism that use light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source
photoautotrophs
they use light as an energy source and organic compound other than CO2 as carbon source
photoheterotrophs
organism that use chemicals as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source
chemoautotrophs
they use chemicals as an energy source and organic compound other can CO2 as a carbon source
chemoheterotrophs
what are the terms that uses both energy and carbon source
photoautotrophs
photoheterotrophs
chemoautotrophs
chemoheterotrophs
what organisms are under photoautotrophs
photosynthetic prokaryotes (cyanobacteria), plants, some protists (algae)
_____ is the organism that is usually found under chemoautotrophs
some bacteria
prokaryotes (Sulfolobus)
what are the types of organisms found under chemoheterotrophs
many prokaryotes (Clostridium)
protists
animals
parasitic plants
is the study of heredity.
Genetics
An organism’s _______ (or genome) is its complete collections of genes
genotype
_______ is the organism’s physical traits, attributes, or characteristics.
phenotype
_______ phenotype includes presence or absence of certain enzymes and structures such as _____, _____, and _______
- Bacterial
- flagella
- pili
-capsules
An organism’s phenotype is a manifestation of its ________
- genotype.
Most bacteria possess _____ chromosome, which usually consists of a_______, double-stranded ______ molecule.
- one
- long circular
- DNA
is a genetic alteration that is transmissible to the offspring
mutation
is a transient property that depends upon continued exposure to the toxic condition
adaptation
no change in genetic composition and cannot be passed onto the next generation
adaptation
enables the organism to survive in an environment where organisms without that mutation would die (eg., resistance to antibiotic).
Beneficial mutation-
type of mutation that leads to the production of a nonfunctional enzyme, which consequently would impede certain biochemical processes.
Harmful mutation
have no effect on the cell (also known as ______).
Silent mutation
neutral mutation
what do you call the activity where after exposure f bacteria to antibiotics, only the resistant bacteria remains
natural selection
what stage of mutation where there is increased proportion of resistance in the new generation of bacteria
post-selection new population
what is the difference between silent mutation and neutral mutation by definition
silent - does not cause changes in the amino acid sequence
neutral- had no observable affect on the organisms phenotype
