Microbial: Ecology Flashcards
______ focused on how microorganisms or microbial populations assemble to form communities and how these communities interact with each other and their environments
microbial ecology
what are the major components of microbial ecology
- biodiversity
- microbial activity
microbial ecology (in human health science) is the ______ of microbes to other microbes on or within the human system and the environment where they live
- interrelationship
what do you call the relationship where the organism lives together or close association of two dissimilar organisms (usually two different species)
symbiosis/ symbiotic relationship
what is the name of the organisms that live together in such a relationship
Symbionts
neither symbiont is affected by the relationship
Neutralism
beneficial to one symbiont and of no consequence (i.e., is neither beneficial nor harmful) to the other
Commensalism -
beneficial to both symbionts (i.e., the relationship is mutually beneficial)
Mutualism-
beneficial to one symbiont (the parasite) and detrimental to the other symbiont (the host)
Parasitism-
- harmful to one symbiont and of no consequence (i.e., is neither beneficial nor harmful) to the other
Amensalism
what to you call the organism that destroys natural beauty of skin
demodex mite
type of demodex that can be found in hair follicles and in sebaceous glands
- demodex folliculorum
- demodex brevis
what do you call the microorganisms living in a specific environment, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi
microbiota
in the human body: ___________ or __________ (“normal flora”) includes all the microorganisms that live on or within a person
- indigenous microbiota
- indigenous microflora
__________ refers to the identity of all microorganisms (who they are), while ___________ refers to the collection of genomes (what they do) from all microorganisms living in a specific environment
- microbiota
- microbiome
A _____ has no indigenous microflora!
Newborn exposed to many microorganisms _____ and _____ delivery
- fetus
- during, after
what body organs that are sterile or normally free of microorganisms
blood
lymph
spinal fluid
internal tissues and organs
take up temporary residence on and within humans
Transient microflora –
what areas of the body where most of the indigenous microflora reside
- ears and eyes
- mouth
- upper respi tract
- skin
- GIT
- genitourinary tract
Microbes vs. Microbes.
Many indigenous microbiota members serve a beneficial role by preventing other microbes from becoming established in or colonizing a particular anatomic location.
Microbial Antagonism.
Popularly known as opportunists, indigenous microbiota waits for the opportunity to cause infections
Opportunistic Pathogens.
Several microorganisms can reestablish and stabilize the microbial balance when the body system is experiencing severe infections.
Biotherapeutic Agents.
what nutrients are obtained from secretions of certain intestinal bacteria
- Vit. K,
- panthotenic acid
- pyridoxine
- biotin
______ provide a constant source of irritants & antigens to stimulate the immune system
Indigenous microflora
a mutualistic relationship in which two organisms work together to produce a result that neither could accomplish alone
synergism –
– diseases resulting from a synergistic relationship
synergistic infections/mixed infections
What microbiota is commonly found in the skin
- candida
- clostridium
- diphtherioids
- lactobacillus
- micrococcus
- staphylococcus
What microbiota is less commonly present in the skin
- Bacteroides spp.
- Streptococcus spp.
Microbiota that is absent in the skin
Anaerobic Gram-negative cocci
Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci
Enterobacteriaceae®
Enterococcus spp.
Fusobacterium spp.
Haemophilus spp.
Micrococcus spp.
Neisseria meningitidis
Microbiota commonly found in mouth
Anaerobic Gram-negative cocci
Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci
Bacteroides spp.
