Microbial groups

Question 1

What are the two types of true microorganisms

Answer 1

Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

Question 2

What are the two types of prokaryote?

Answer 2

Archea & Eubacteria

Question 3

Types of Archea include

Answer 3

Methanogens,halophiles, thermophiles and psychrophiles

Question 4

Types of eubacteria include

Answer 4

Bacteria,
Cyanobacteria,
Actinobacteria

Question 5

Types of Eukaryotes include

Answer 5

Protista & Fungi

Question 6

Types of Protista include

Answer 6

Amoebae
Green/brown algae
Diatoms
Euglena
Slime molds

Question 7

Types of fungi

Answer 7

Mushrooms
Yeast
Molds

Question 8

Bacteria are

Answer 8

Ubiquitous in every habitat on earth simple morphology, diverse metabolically

Adaptable to extreme environ

Vital in recycling nutrients(N fixation from atmos)(biodegradation of organic matter)

Major causes of enteric disease related to water transmission

Question 9

Nitrogen cycle

Answer 9

TBC

Question 10

Bacteria [ ] organic matter by [ ]

Answer 10

Bacteria stabilise organic matter by mineralisation

Question 11

Fungi are

Answer 11

Abundant in moist habitats,soil
Primary decomposers (heterotrophic and saprophytic)

Question 12

Thermophilic fungi are good for

Answer 12

Composting

Question 13

Fungal hyphae (mycelium) has a cell wall made of

Answer 13

Cellulose + chitin

It is strong and flexible

Question 14

Fungal hyphae (mycelium) can

Answer 14

Penetrate dense organic materials
E.g wood (lignin)

Question 15

Fungal hyphae (mycelium) contribute to

Answer 15

The degradation of recalcitrant organic and woody materials

Question 16

Fungi are the most important group for

Answer 16

Treatment of biodegradable municipal solid waste.

They are active in composting
Adapted too extreme temps and low moisture

Question 17

Unique fungal enzyme systems degrade . . .

Answer 17

Organic pollutants

Question 18

Algae distribution

Answer 18

Aquatic(fresh, marine, brackish waters)
Terrestial(moist habitats)

Question 19

Suspended/floating algae are

Answer 19

Planktonic

Question 20

Attached or living at the bottom algae are

Answer 20

Benthic

Question 21

Microscopic, unicellular algae are a major component of

Answer 21

Phytoplankton

Question 22

Algae are which kind of organism?

Answer 22

Photoautotrophs
Convert light energy to chemical energy, CO2 is their carbon source

Question 23

Algae are involved in environmental engineering via

Answer 23

Wastewater treatment by oxidation ponds

Question 24

Eutrophication of algae involves

Answer 24

Luxuriant growth
Excessive O2 depletion from decaying biomass

Question 25

Algae impacts surface water quality for potable use by

Answer 25

Imparting tastes and odours Disrupting drinking water treatment processes Decomposition products are precursors of toxic trihalomethanes

Question 26

Algae resource recovery

Answer 26

Biofuels,animal feeds,lipids,carotenoid pigments,omega 3 fatty acid, cosmetics

Question 27

Protozoa are what kind of microorganism?

Answer 27

Chemoheterotrophic They are located in fresh/marine water or even terrestrial environments

Question 28

Protozoa are

Answer 28

Enteric and vascular parasites

Question 29

Protozoa such as amoeba and paramecium contribute to

Answer 29

Nutrient cycles(release bioavailable nutrient like N) Biological wastewater treatment (Remove suspended particles) (Decrease turbidity and suspended solids)

Question 30

Turbidity is:

Answer 30

How clouded a substance is

Question 31

The parasite lifecycle of giardia lamlia involves:

Answer 31

1.born as a cyst 2.infection via faecal-oral transmission pathways

Question 32

Viruses are [ ] diseases

Answer 32

Circulatory

Question 33

But dudes are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning:

Answer 33

MUST multiply inside the host cell Free living dissemination stage

Question 34

Polyhedral viruses are:

Answer 34

Regular and hollow in structure Made from ring shape capsomer protein units

Question 35

The viral lifecycle of a bacteriophage involves:

Answer 35

1.approaching bacterial cell 2.adherence to surface of bacterium 3.inner core of tail bores through bacterium 4.DNA strand is injected into bacterial cell 5.virus DNA replicates 6.New viruses assemble 7.tail sheath contracts, the cell is punctured and the floodgates open for the new viruses to be released from the now destroyed host

Question 36

Viruses have a

Answer 36

Simple structure and are acellular