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Energy & Environment > Microbial groups > Flashcards

Microbial groups Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of true microorganisms

A

Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

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2
Q

What are the two types of prokaryote?

A

Archea & Eubacteria

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3
Q

Types of Archea include

A

Methanogens,halophiles, thermophiles and psychrophiles

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4
Q

Types of eubacteria include

A

Bacteria,
Cyanobacteria,
Actinobacteria

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5
Q

Types of Eukaryotes include

A

Protista & Fungi

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6
Q

Types of Protista include

A

Amoebae
Green/brown algae
Diatoms
Euglena
Slime molds

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7
Q

Types of fungi

A

Mushrooms
Yeast
Molds

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8
Q

Bacteria are

A

Ubiquitous in every habitat on earth simple morphology, diverse metabolically

Adaptable to extreme environ

Vital in recycling nutrients(N fixation from atmos)(biodegradation of organic matter)

Major causes of enteric disease related to water transmission

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9
Q

Nitrogen cycle

A

TBC

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10
Q

Bacteria [ ] organic matter by [ ]

A

Bacteria stabilise organic matter by mineralisation

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11
Q

Fungi are

A

Abundant in moist habitats,soil
Primary decomposers (heterotrophic and saprophytic)

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12
Q

Thermophilic fungi are good for

A

Composting

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13
Q

Fungal hyphae (mycelium) has a cell wall made of

A

Cellulose + chitin

It is strong and flexible

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14
Q

Fungal hyphae (mycelium) can

A

Penetrate dense organic materials
E.g wood (lignin)

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15
Q

Fungal hyphae (mycelium) contribute to

A

The degradation of recalcitrant organic and woody materials

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16
Q

Fungi are the most important group for

A

Treatment of biodegradable municipal solid waste.

They are active in composting
Adapted too extreme temps and low moisture

17
Q

Unique fungal enzyme systems degrade . . .

A

Organic pollutants

18
Q

Algae distribution

A

Aquatic(fresh, marine, brackish waters)
Terrestial(moist habitats)

19
Q

Suspended/floating algae are

A

Planktonic

20
Q

Attached or living at the bottom algae are

A

Benthic

21
Q

Microscopic, unicellular algae are a major component of

A

Phytoplankton

22
Q

Algae are which kind of organism?

A

Photoautotrophs
Convert light energy to chemical energy, CO2 is their carbon source

23
Q

Algae are involved in environmental engineering via

A

Wastewater treatment by oxidation ponds

24
Q

Eutrophication of algae involves

A

Luxuriant growth
Excessive O2 depletion from decaying biomass

25
Q

Algae impacts surface water quality for potable use by

A

Imparting tastes and odours
Disrupting drinking water treatment processes
Decomposition products are precursors of toxic trihalomethanes

26
Q

Algae resource recovery

A

Biofuels,animal feeds,lipids,carotenoid pigments,omega 3 fatty acid, cosmetics

27
Q

Protozoa are what kind of microorganism?

A

Chemoheterotrophic

They are located in fresh/marine water or even terrestrial environments

28
Q

Protozoa are

A

Enteric and vascular parasites

29
Q

Protozoa such as amoeba and paramecium contribute to

A

Nutrient cycles(release bioavailable nutrient like N)

Biological wastewater treatment
(Remove suspended particles)
(Decrease turbidity and suspended solids)

30
Q

Turbidity is:

A

How clouded a substance is

31
Q

The parasite lifecycle of giardia lamlia involves:

A

1.born as a cyst
2.infection via faecal-oral transmission pathways

32
Q

Viruses are [ ] diseases

A

Circulatory

33
Q

But dudes are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning:

A

MUST multiply inside the host cell

Free living dissemination stage

34
Q

Polyhedral viruses are:

A

Regular and hollow in structure

Made from ring shape capsomer protein units

35
Q

The viral lifecycle of a bacteriophage involves:

A

1.approaching bacterial cell
2.adherence to surface of bacterium
3.inner core of tail bores through bacterium
4.DNA strand is injected into bacterial cell
5.virus DNA replicates
6.New viruses assemble
7.tail sheath contracts, the cell is punctured and the floodgates open for the new viruses to be released from the now destroyed host

36
Q

Viruses have a

A

Simple structure and are acellular

Energy & Environment (13 decks)

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