Microbial groups Flashcards
What are the two types of true microorganisms
Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
What are the two types of prokaryote?
Archea & Eubacteria
Types of Archea include
Methanogens,halophiles, thermophiles and psychrophiles
Types of eubacteria include
Bacteria,
Cyanobacteria,
Actinobacteria
Types of Eukaryotes include
Protista & Fungi
Types of Protista include
Amoebae
Green/brown algae
Diatoms
Euglena
Slime molds
Types of fungi
Mushrooms
Yeast
Molds
Bacteria are
Ubiquitous in every habitat on earth simple morphology, diverse metabolically
Adaptable to extreme environ
Vital in recycling nutrients(N fixation from atmos)(biodegradation of organic matter)
Major causes of enteric disease related to water transmission
Nitrogen cycle
TBC
Bacteria [ ] organic matter by [ ]
Bacteria stabilise organic matter by mineralisation
Fungi are
Abundant in moist habitats,soil
Primary decomposers (heterotrophic and saprophytic)
Thermophilic fungi are good for
Composting
Fungal hyphae (mycelium) has a cell wall made of
Cellulose + chitin
It is strong and flexible
Fungal hyphae (mycelium) can
Penetrate dense organic materials
E.g wood (lignin)
Fungal hyphae (mycelium) contribute to
The degradation of recalcitrant organic and woody materials
Fungi are the most important group for
Treatment of biodegradable municipal solid waste.
They are active in composting
Adapted too extreme temps and low moisture
Unique fungal enzyme systems degrade . . .
Organic pollutants
Algae distribution
Aquatic(fresh, marine, brackish waters)
Terrestial(moist habitats)
Suspended/floating algae are
Planktonic
Attached or living at the bottom algae are
Benthic
Microscopic, unicellular algae are a major component of
Phytoplankton
Algae are which kind of organism?
Photoautotrophs
Convert light energy to chemical energy, CO2 is their carbon source
Algae are involved in environmental engineering via
Wastewater treatment by oxidation ponds
Eutrophication of algae involves
Luxuriant growth
Excessive O2 depletion from decaying biomass
Algae impacts surface water quality for potable use by
Imparting tastes and odours
Disrupting drinking water treatment processes
Decomposition products are precursors of toxic trihalomethanes
Algae resource recovery
Biofuels,animal feeds,lipids,carotenoid pigments,omega 3 fatty acid, cosmetics
Protozoa are what kind of microorganism?
Chemoheterotrophic
They are located in fresh/marine water or even terrestrial environments
Protozoa are
Enteric and vascular parasites
Protozoa such as amoeba and paramecium contribute to
Nutrient cycles(release bioavailable nutrient like N)
Biological wastewater treatment
(Remove suspended particles)
(Decrease turbidity and suspended solids)
Turbidity is:
How clouded a substance is
The parasite lifecycle of giardia lamlia involves:
1.born as a cyst
2.infection via faecal-oral transmission pathways
Viruses are [ ] diseases
Circulatory
But dudes are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning:
MUST multiply inside the host cell
Free living dissemination stage
Polyhedral viruses are:
Regular and hollow in structure
Made from ring shape capsomer protein units
The viral lifecycle of a bacteriophage involves:
1.approaching bacterial cell
2.adherence to surface of bacterium
3.inner core of tail bores through bacterium
4.DNA strand is injected into bacterial cell
5.virus DNA replicates
6.New viruses assemble
7.tail sheath contracts, the cell is punctured and the floodgates open for the new viruses to be released from the now destroyed host
Viruses have a
Simple structure and are acellular
